Kusanthula kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kumakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu sayansi ya moyo komanso kuwunikira zachilengedwe

Kusanthula kwa zitsanzo zamadzimadzi kumakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana mu sayansi ya moyo komanso kuwunikira zachilengedwe.Mu ntchitoyi, tapanga chithunzithunzi chophatikizika komanso chotsika mtengo chotengera ma capillaries achitsulo (MCCs) kuti azitha kudziwa bwino mayamwidwe.Njira yowunikira imatha kuchulukirachulukira, komanso yayitali kwambiri kuposa kutalika kwa MWC, chifukwa kuwala komwe kumamwazikana ndi malata osalala am'mbali mwazitsulo kumatha kukhala mkati mwa capillary mosasamala kanthu za zochitika.Kuyikirako kochepera 5.12 nM kumatha kupezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma chromogenic reagents chifukwa cha kukulitsa kwatsopano kopanda mzere komanso kusintha kwachitsanzo mwachangu komanso kuzindikira shuga.

Photometry imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zitsanzo zamadzimadzi chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma chromogenic reagents ndi zida za semiconductor optoelectronic 1,2,3,4,5.Poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe cha cuvette-based absorbance determination, liquid waveguide (LWC) capillaries reflect (TIR) ​​posunga kuwala kwa probe mkati mwa capillary1,2,3,4,5.Komabe, popanda kukonzanso kwina, njira ya kuwala imangokhala pafupi ndi kutalika kwa thupi la LWC3.6, ndipo kuonjezera kutalika kwa LWC kupitirira 1.0 m kudzavutika ndi kuwala kwamphamvu komanso chiopsezo chachikulu cha thovu, etc.3, 7. ku cell yowonetsera zambiri kuti ipititse patsogolo njira zowoneka bwino, malire ozindikira amangopangidwa ndi 2.5-8.9.

Pakalipano pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya LWC, yomwe ndi Teflon AF capillaries (okhala ndi index yowonetsera yokha ~ 1.3, yomwe ili yotsika kuposa madzi) ndi ma capillaries a silica omwe amakutidwa ndi Teflon AF kapena mafilimu achitsulo1,3,4.Kuti mukwaniritse TIR pamawonekedwe apakati pa zida za dielectric, zida zokhala ndi index yotsika ya refractive ndi ma angle owoneka bwino amafunikira3,6,10.Pankhani ya ma capillaries a Teflon AF, Teflon AF imapumira chifukwa cha mapangidwe ake a porous3,11 ndipo imatha kuyamwa zinthu zazing'ono m'madzi.Kwa ma capillaries a quartz okutidwa kunja ndi Teflon AF kapena zitsulo, refractive index wa quartz (1.45) ndi wapamwamba kuposa zitsanzo zambiri zamadzimadzi (mwachitsanzo 1.33 madzi)3,6,12,13.Kwa ma capillaries omwe amakutidwa ndi filimu yachitsulo mkati, katundu woyendetsa amaphunzira14,15,16,17,18, koma ndondomeko yophimba ndi yovuta, pamwamba pa filimu yachitsulo imakhala ndi mawonekedwe okhwima komanso otsekemera4,19.

Kuphatikiza apo, ma LWC amalonda (AF Teflon Coated Capillaries ndi AF Teflon Coated Silica Capillaries, World Precision Instruments, Inc.) ali ndi zovuta zina, monga: zolakwa..Voliyumu yayikulu yakufa ya TIR3,10, (2) T-cholumikizira (kulumikiza ma capillaries, ulusi, ndi machubu olowera / kutulutsa) amatha kutsekereza thovu la mpweya10.

Nthawi yomweyo, kutsimikiza kwa kuchuluka kwa shuga ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuzindikira matenda a shuga, cirrhosis yachiwindi ndi matenda amisala20.ndi njira zambiri zozindikirira monga photometry (kuphatikiza spectrophotometry 21, 22, 23, 24, 25 ndi colorimetry papepala 26, 27, 28), galvanometry 29, 30, 31, fluorometry 32, 33, 34, 35, polarimetry 3, optical 3 pamwamba plasmon resonance.37, Fabry-Perot patsekeke 38, electrochemistry 39 ndi capillary electrophoresis 40,41 ndi zina zotero.Komabe, zambiri mwa njirazi zimafunikira zida zodula, ndipo kuzindikira kwa shuga m'magulu angapo a nanomolar kumakhalabe kovuta (mwachitsanzo, mumiyeso ya photometric21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, kuchuluka kotsika kwambiri kwa shuga).malire anali 30 nM okha pamene Prussian blue nanoparticles amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati peroxidase mimics).Kuwunika kwa glucose wa nanomolar nthawi zambiri kumafunikira pamaphunziro amtundu wa ma cell monga kuletsa kukula kwa khansa ya prostate42 ndi CO2 fixation khalidwe la Prochlorococcus m'nyanja.