Zinthu zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kulephera kwadzidzidzi komanso kosayembekezereka kwa chotengera chopondereza cha boiler

Zinthu zambiri zimatha kuyambitsa kulephera kwadzidzidzi komanso kosayembekezereka kwa chotengera chopondereza cha boiler, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimafuna kuphwanyidwa kwathunthu ndikuyikanso m'malo mwake.Izi zitha kupewedwa ngati njira zodzitetezera zilipo ndikutsatiridwa mosamalitsa.Komabe, sizili choncho nthawi zonse.
Zolephera zonse za boiler zomwe zafotokozedwa apa zimaphatikizapo kulephera kwa chotengera chopondera / chowotchera kutentha (mawuwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosinthana) mwina chifukwa cha dzimbiri za chotengera kapena kulephera kwamakina chifukwa cha kupsinjika kwa kutentha komwe kumabweretsa ming'alu kapena kupatukana kwa zigawo.Nthawi zambiri palibe zizindikiro zodziwika panthawi ya opaleshoni yachibadwa.Kulephera kungatenge zaka, kapena kungachitike mwamsanga chifukwa cha kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa zinthu.Kufufuza nthawi zonse ndi njira yopewera zodabwitsa zosasangalatsa.Kulephera kwa kutentha kwa kutentha nthawi zambiri kumafuna kusinthidwa kwa chigawo chonse, koma kwa ma boiler ang'onoang'ono ndi atsopano, kukonza kapena kusinthanitsa chotengera chokakamiza kungakhale njira yabwino.
1. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu m'mphepete mwa madzi: Kusakwanira kwa madzi oyambirira a chakudya kungayambitse dzimbiri, koma kulamulira molakwika ndi kusintha mankhwala opangira mankhwala kungayambitse kusalinganika kwakukulu kwa pH komwe kungawononge mwamsanga chowotchera.Zotengera zokakamiza zidzasungunuka ndipo kuwonongeka kudzakhala kwakukulu - kukonza sikungatheke.Katswiri wodziwa zamadzi / mankhwala omwe amamvetsetsa momwe madzi alili m'deralo ndipo angathandize ndi njira zodzitetezera ayenera kufunsidwa.Ayenera kuganizira zamitundu yambiri, popeza mawonekedwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamafuta amatengera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamadzimadzi.Zombo zachitsulo zachitsulo ndi zitsulo zakuda zimafuna kugwiriridwa kosiyana ndi mkuwa, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena zotengera kutentha kwa aluminiyamu.Ma boiler amphamvu oyaka moto amayendetsedwa mosiyana ndi ma boiler ang'onoang'ono amadzi.Ma boiler a nthunzi nthawi zambiri amafunikira chidwi chapadera chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri komanso kufunikira kwakukulu kwamadzi opangira.Opanga ma boiler amayenera kupereka mwatsatanetsatane magawo amadzi omwe amafunikira pakupanga kwawo, kuphatikiza kuyeretsa ndi mankhwala ovomerezeka.Izi nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuzipeza, koma popeza kuti madzi ovomerezeka nthawi zonse ndi nkhani yotsimikizira, okonza mapulani ndi osamalira ayenera kupempha izi asanapereke chilolezo chogula.Mainjiniya akuyenera kuyang'ana momwe zida zina zonse zamakina, kuphatikiza zosindikizira za pampu ndi ma valve, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwirizana ndi mankhwala omwe akufunsidwa.Poyang'aniridwa ndi katswiri wamakono, dongosololi liyenera kutsukidwa, kusungunula ndi kupititsidwa patsogolo kudzazidwa komaliza kwa dongosolo.Madzi odzaza amayenera kuyesedwa ndikuthandizidwa kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za boiler.Zosefera ndi zosefera ziyenera kuchotsedwa, kuyang'aniridwa ndi kulembedwa kuti ziyeretsedwe.Payenera kukhala ndondomeko yowunikira ndi kukonza, ndi ogwira ntchito yosamalira ophunzitsidwa njira zoyenera ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri a ndondomeko mpaka atakhutira ndi zotsatira zake.Ndi bwino kulemba ganyu katswiri processing mankhwala kuti mosalekeza kusanthula madzimadzi ndi ndondomeko ziyeneretso.
Mabotolo amapangidwira machitidwe otsekedwa ndipo, ngati atasamalidwa bwino, malipiro oyambirira amatha kutenga nthawi zonse.Komabe, kuchucha kwamadzi kosazindikirika ndi nthunzi kumatha kupangitsa kuti madzi osatetezedwa nthawi zonse alowe m'makina otsekedwa, kulola mpweya wosungunuka ndi mchere kulowa m'dongosolo, ndikuchepetsa mankhwala ochizira, kuwapangitsa kukhala osagwira ntchito.Kuyika mita yamadzi m'mizere yodzaza ma boilers opanikizika kapena ma boiler system ndi njira yosavuta yodziwira kutayikira kwakung'ono.Njira ina ndikuyika matanki operekera mankhwala / glycol komwe kudzaza kwa boiler kumakhala kosiyana ndi madzi amchere.Zokonda zonse ziwirizi zitha kuyang'aniridwa ndi ogwira ntchito kapena kulumikizidwa ndi BAS kuti muzindikire kutulutsa kwamadzi.Kusanthula kwamadzimadzi nthawi ndi nthawi kuyeneranso kuzindikira mavuto ndikupereka chidziwitso chofunikira kuti akonzenso chemistry.
2. Kuyipitsa kwakukulu / kuwerengetsera kumbali ya madzi: Kulowetsedwa kosalekeza kwa madzi odzipangira okha chifukwa cha madzi kapena kutayikira kwa nthunzi kumatha kupangitsa kuti pakhale gawo lolimba la sikelo pamadzi osinthira kutentha, zomwe zingayambitse chitsulo cha insulating wosanjikiza kuti overheat, chifukwa ming'alu pansi voteji.Magwero ena amadzi amatha kukhala ndi mchere wokwanira wosungunuka kotero kuti ngakhale kudzaza koyambirira kwa dongosolo lalikulu kungayambitse mchere wambiri komanso kulephera kwa malo otentha otentha.Kuphatikiza apo, kulephera kuyeretsa bwino ndikutsuka machitidwe atsopano ndi omwe alipo, komanso kulephera kusefa zolimba kuchokera m'madzi odzaza kungayambitse kuipitsidwa kwa koyilo ndi kuipitsidwa.Nthawi zambiri (koma osati nthawi zonse) izi zimapangitsa kuti chotenthetsera chikhale chaphokoso panthawi yoyatsira, kuchenjeza ogwira ntchito zamavuto.Nkhani yabwino ndiyakuti ngati calcification yamkati izindikirika msanga, pulogalamu yoyeretsa ikhoza kuchitidwa kuti abwezeretse chowotcha kuti chikhale chatsopano.Mfundo zonse zomwe zili mu mfundo yapitayi zokhudzana ndi akatswiri a khalidwe la madzi poyamba zalepheretsa kuti mavutowa asachitike.
3. Kutentha koopsa pa mbali yoyatsira: acidic condensate kuchokera ku mafuta aliwonse amapangika pazitsulo zotentha kutentha pamene kutentha kwa pamwamba kumakhala pansi pa mame a mafuta enieni.Maboiler opangira ma condensate amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zolimbana ndi asidi monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi aluminiyamu posinthira kutentha ndipo amapangidwa kuti azikhetsa ma condensate.Maboiler omwe sanapangidwe kuti azigwira ntchito amafunikira kuti mpweya wa flue ukhale pamwamba pa mame nthawi zonse, kotero kuti condensation sipangapang'ono pomwe kapena imatuluka nthunzi mwachangu pakangotentha pang'ono.Ma boiler a nthunzi sakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi vutoli chifukwa amagwira ntchito pa kutentha pamwamba pa mame.Kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira zowongolerera kutulutsa madzi panja zomwe sizingagwirizane ndi nyengo, kuyendetsa njinga pang'ono, komanso njira zotsekera usiku kunathandizira kupanga ma boiler otenthetsera madzi.Tsoka ilo, ogwiritsira ntchito omwe samvetsetsa tanthauzo la kuwonjezera zinthuzi ku makina otentha otentha omwe alipo kale akuwononga ma boiler ambiri amadzi otentha kuti alephere msanga - phunziro lomwe laphunzira.Madivelopa amagwiritsa ntchito zida monga kusakaniza ma valve ndi mapampu olekanitsa komanso njira zowongolera kuti ateteze ma boilers otentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito yotsika kutentha.Kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozi zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti zowongolera zisinthidwe bwino kuti ma condensation asapangike mu boiler.Uwu ndi udindo woyamba wa wopanga ndi wothandizira, wotsatiridwa ndi pulogalamu yokonza nthawi zonse.Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti zochepetsera kutentha kochepa ndi ma alarm nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zipangizo zotetezera monga inshuwalansi.Ogwira ntchito ayenera kuphunzitsidwa momwe angapewere zolakwika pakusintha kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kake kamene kangayambitse zipangizo zotetezera izi.
Chowotcha chotenthetsera cha bokosi lamoto chingayambitsenso dzimbiri zowononga.Zowononga zimachokera ku magwero awiri okha: mafuta kapena mpweya woyaka.Kuwonongeka kwamafuta komwe kungachitike, makamaka mafuta amafuta ndi LPG, kuyenera kufufuzidwa, ngakhale kuti gasi nthawi zina amakhudzidwa.Mafuta "oipa" ali ndi sulfure ndi zowononga zina pamwamba pa mlingo wovomerezeka.Miyezo yamakono idapangidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuyera kwamafuta, koma mafuta osakhazikika amatha kulowa muchipinda chowotchera.Mafutawo pawokha ndi ovuta kuwongolera ndikuwunika, koma kuyang'ana pafupipafupi pamoto kumatha kuwulula zovuta pakuyika koyipa kusanachitike kuwonongeka kwakukulu.Zowonongekazi zimatha kukhala acidic kwambiri ndipo ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikutulutsidwa muchotenthetsera nthawi yomweyo ngati zapezeka.Nthawi zowunika ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa.Wopereka mafuta akuyenera kufunsidwa.
Kuwonongeka kwa mpweya woyaka kumakhala kofala kwambiri ndipo kumakhala koopsa kwambiri.Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri omwe amapanga mankhwala a acidic kwambiri akaphatikizidwa ndi mpweya, mafuta, ndi kutentha kuchokera ku njira zoyaka.Zina zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo nthunzi zochokera kumadzi oyeretsera, utoto ndi zochotsa utoto, ma fluorocarbon osiyanasiyana, chlorine, ndi zina zambiri.Ngakhale utsi wochokera ku zinthu zooneka ngati zopanda vuto, monga mchere wofewetsa madzi, ungayambitse mavuto.Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kuti awononge, ndipo kupezeka kwawo nthawi zambiri sikudziwika popanda zida zapadera.Ogwira ntchito zomanga nyumba ayenera kuyesetsa kuchotsa magwero a mankhwala mkati ndi kuzungulira chipinda chowotchera, komanso zowononga zomwe zingatulutsidwe kuchokera kugwero lakunja la mpweya woyaka.Mankhwala omwe sayenera kusungidwa m'chipinda chowotchera, monga zotsukira zosungirako, ziyenera kusamutsidwa kupita kumalo ena.
4. Kutentha kwamoto / katundu: Mapangidwe, zinthu ndi kukula kwa thupi la boiler zimatsimikizira momwe chowotcheracho chimakhudzidwira ndi kutentha kwa kutentha ndi katundu.Kupsinjika kwa kutentha kumatha kufotokozedwa ngati kusinthasintha kwamphamvu kwa chotengera chopondera panthawi yomwe chipinda choyaka chimagwira ntchito, mwina chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa magwiridwe antchito kapena kusintha kwa kutentha kwambiri poyambira kapena kuchira pakuyima.Muzochitika zonsezi, chowotchera chimatenthetsa pang'onopang'ono kapena kuzizira, ndikusunga kutentha kosalekeza (delta T) pakati pa mizere yoperekera ndi yobwerera ya chotengera chokakamiza.Chowotcheracho chimapangidwira kuti chikhale chapamwamba kwambiri cha delta T ndipo sichiyenera kuwonongeka panthawi yotentha kapena kuziziritsa pokhapokha mtengowu wadutsa.Mtengo wokwera wa Delta T umapangitsa kuti chotengeracho chipitirire kupitilira mapangidwe ndipo kutopa kwachitsulo kumayamba kuwononga zinthuzo.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kosalekeza pakapita nthawi kungayambitse kusweka ndi kutayikira.Mavuto ena angabwere ndi zigawo zosindikizidwa ndi gaskets, zomwe zingayambe kutsika kapena kugwa.Wopanga zowotchera ayenera kukhala ndi tsatanetsatane wa mtengo wovomerezeka wa Delta T, kupatsa wopangayo chidziwitso chofunikira kuti awonetsetse kuyenda kwamadzi okwanira nthawi zonse.Zowotchera zazikulu zamoto zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi delta-T ndipo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa mwamphamvu kuti zipewe kufalikira kosagwirizana ndi kutsekeka kwa chipolopolo choponderezedwa, chomwe chingawononge zisindikizo pamapepala a chubu.Kuopsa kwa chikhalidwecho kumakhudza mwachindunji moyo wa kutentha kwa kutentha, koma ngati wogwiritsa ntchito ali ndi njira yoyendetsera Delta T, vutoli nthawi zambiri likhoza kukonzedwa chisanachitike kuwonongeka kwakukulu.Ndibwino kukonza BAS kuti ipereke chenjezo pamene mtengo wapamwamba wa Delta T wadutsa.
Kutenthedwa kwa kutentha ndi vuto lalikulu kwambiri ndipo limatha kuwononga zotengera kutentha nthawi yomweyo.Nkhani zambiri zomvetsa chisoni zikhoza kunenedwa kuyambira tsiku loyamba la kukweza makina osungira mphamvu usiku.Ma boilers ena amasungidwa pamalo otentha kwambiri panthawi yozizira pomwe valavu yayikulu yowongolera imatsekedwa kuti nyumbayo, zida zonse zapaipi ndi ma radiator zizizire.Pa nthawi yoikidwiratu, valavu yowongolera imatsegulidwa, kulola kuti madzi a kutentha abwererenso mu boiler yotentha kwambiri.Ambiri mwa ma boiler awa sanapulumuke kugwedezeka koyamba kwa kutentha.Ogwira ntchito anazindikira mwamsanga kuti zotetezera zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa condensation zingathenso kuteteza kutenthedwa kwa kutentha ngati kuyendetsedwa bwino.Kutentha kwa kutentha sikukhudzana ndi kutentha kwa boiler, kumachitika pamene kutentha kumasintha mwadzidzidzi komanso mwadzidzidzi.Ma boiler ena omangirira amagwira ntchito bwino pakatentha kwambiri, pomwe antifreeze madzimadzi amazungulira kudzera muzosinthira kutentha kwawo.Pamene amaloledwa kutentha ndi kuziziritsa pa ankalamulira kutentha kusiyana, boilers amenewa mwachindunji kupereka kachitidwe snowmelt kapena dziwe osambira kutentha exchangers popanda wapakatikati kusakaniza zipangizo komanso popanda mavuto.Komabe, ndikofunikira kwambiri kupeza chivomerezo kuchokera kwa wopanga boiler aliyense musanawagwiritse ntchito mumikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri.
Roy Kollver ali ndi zaka zopitilira 40 mumakampani a HVAC.Amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za hydropower, amayang'ana kwambiri ukadaulo wa boiler, kuwongolera gasi ndi kuyaka.Kuphatikiza pa kulemba zolemba ndi kuphunzitsa pamitu yokhudzana ndi HVAC, amagwira ntchito yoyang'anira zomangamanga m'makampani opanga uinjiniya.