AISI 304/304L Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri coil chubu mankhwala chigawo chimodzi, Kukonza Kupinda Mapiko a Spring Parameters Pogwiritsa ntchito Honeybee Algorithm

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AISI 304/304L Stainless steel capillary coiled chubing

AISI 304 koyilo yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi cholinga chonse chokana kwambiri ndipo ndichoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe imafunikira mawonekedwe abwino komanso kuwotcherera.

Sheye Metal stocks 304 coils mu 0.3mm mpaka 16mm makulidwe ndi 2B kumaliza, BA kumaliza, No.4 kumaliza amapezeka nthawi zonse.

Pambali pa mitundu itatu ya malo, 304 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri zitha kuperekedwa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yapamtunda.Gulu 304 zosapanga dzimbiri lili ndi Cr (nthawi zambiri 18%) ndi faifi tambala (kawirikawiri 8%) zitsulo monga zigawo zikuluzikulu zosakhala chitsulo.

Ma koyilo amtunduwu ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, cha banja la Cr-Ni chosapanga dzimbiri.

Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zapakhomo ndi zogula, zida zakukhitchini, zotchingira zamkati ndi zakunja, zotchingira pamanja, mafelemu azenera, zida zamakampani azakudya ndi zakumwa, matanki osungira.

Mu phunziroli, mapangidwe a torsion ndi kukanikizana akasupe a mapiko opindika mapiko omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu rocket amawonedwa ngati vuto lokhathamiritsa.Rocket ikachoka pa chubu choyambitsa, mapiko otsekedwa ayenera kutsegulidwa ndi kutetezedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.Cholinga cha phunziroli chinali kukulitsa mphamvu zomwe zimasungidwa m'akasupe kuti mapiko azitha kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yochepa kwambiri.Pankhaniyi, mphamvu equation m'mabuku onsewa anatanthauzidwa ngati cholinga ntchito mu ndondomeko kukhathamiritsa.Kutalika kwa waya, mainchesi a coil, kuchuluka kwa ma koyilo, ndi magawo opotoka omwe amafunikira pakupanga kasupe amatanthauzidwa ngati kukhathamiritsa kosinthika.Pali malire a geometric pamitundu yosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kukula kwa makinawo, komanso malire pachitetezo chachitetezo chifukwa cha katundu wotengedwa ndi akasupe.The honey bee (BA) algorithm idagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa vutoli ndikukonza kasupe.Mphamvu zamphamvu zopezedwa ndi BA ndizoposa zomwe zidapezedwa m'maphunziro am'mbuyomu a Design of Experiments (DOE).Springs ndi makina opangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito magawo omwe adapezedwa pakukhathamiritsa adawunikidwa koyamba mu pulogalamu ya ADAMS.Pambuyo pake, mayesero oyesera anachitidwa mwa kuphatikiza akasupe opangidwa mu njira zenizeni.Chifukwa cha mayesowo, adawona kuti mapikowo adatsegulidwa pambuyo pa 90 milliseconds.Mtengowu ndi wocheperapo kwambiri zomwe polojekitiyi ikufuna 200ms.Kuphatikiza apo, kusiyana pakati pa zowunikira ndi zoyeserera ndi 16 ms yokha.
Mu ndege ndi magalimoto apanyanja, njira zopindika ndizofunikira kwambiri.Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito posintha ndikusintha ndege kuti apititse patsogolo kayendetsedwe ka ndege.Kutengera momwe amawulukira, mapikowo amapindana ndi kufutukuka mosiyana kuti achepetse mphamvu ya aerodynamic1.Zimenezi tingaziyerekezere ndi mayendedwe a mapiko a mbalame ndi tizilombo tikamauluka tsiku ndi tsiku komanso pamadzi.Momwemonso, zowongolera zimapindika ndikuvumbulutsa muzolowera kuti muchepetse zotsatira za hydrodynamic ndikukulitsa ma handling3.Komabe cholinga china cha njirazi ndikupereka ubwino wa volumetric ku machitidwe monga kupukuta kwa helikopita propeller 4 kuti asungidwe ndi kunyamula.Mapiko a roketi amapindanso pansi kuti achepetse malo osungira.Chifukwa chake, zoponya zambiri zitha kuyikidwa pagawo laling'ono la oyambitsa 5. Zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popinda ndi kufutukula nthawi zambiri zimakhala akasupe.Panthawi yopindika, mphamvu imasungidwa mmenemo ndikumasulidwa panthawi yomwe ikuwonekera.Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osinthika, mphamvu zosungidwa ndi kumasulidwa zimafanana.Kasupe amapangidwira kachitidwe, ndipo kapangidwe kameneka kamakhala ndi vuto lokhathamiritsa6.Chifukwa ngakhale imaphatikizapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga ma waya awiri, ma coil diameter, kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe, ngodya ya helix ndi mtundu wa zinthu, palinso njira monga misa, voliyumu, kugawa kupsinjika kochepa kapena kupezeka kwamphamvu kwambiri7.
Kafukufukuyu akuwunikiranso kamangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa akasupe a njira zopinda zamapiko zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakina a rocket.Pokhala mkati mwa chubu choyambira ndegeyo isanawuluke, mapikowo amakhala opindika pamwamba pa rocket, ndipo atatuluka mu chubu choyambitsa, amafutukuka kwakanthawi ndikukhazikika pamwamba.Izi ndizofunikira kuti rocket igwire bwino ntchito.M'makina opindika otukuka, kutsegula kwa mapiko kumachitika ndi akasupe a torsion, ndipo kutseka kumachitika ndi akasupe opondereza.Kuti mupange kasupe woyenera, njira yowonjezera iyenera kuchitidwa.M'kati mwa kasupe kukhathamiritsa, pali zosiyanasiyana ntchito m'mabuku.
Paredes et al.8 adatanthauzira moyo wotopa kwambiri ngati ntchito yopangira mapangidwe a akasupe a helical ndipo adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya quasi-Newtonian ngati njira yowonjezeretsa.Zosintha pakukhathamiritsa zidadziwika ngati ma waya awiri, mainchesi a coil, kuchuluka kwa matembenuzidwe, ndi kutalika kwa masika.Chizindikiro china cha kasupe ndi zinthu zomwe zimapangidwira.Choncho, izi zinaganiziridwa mu maphunziro a mapangidwe ndi kukhathamiritsa.Zebdi et al.9 inakhazikitsa zolinga za kuuma kwakukulu ndi kulemera kochepa mu ntchito ya cholinga mu phunziro lawo, kumene kulemera kwake kunali kofunikira.Pachifukwa ichi, adatanthauzira zinthu za masika ndi zinthu za geometric monga zosinthika.Amagwiritsa ntchito ma genetic algorithm ngati njira yokwaniritsira.M'makampani opanga magalimoto, kulemera kwa zinthu kumakhala kothandiza m'njira zambiri, kuyambira pakuchita magalimoto mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta.Kuchepetsa kulemera pamene mukukonza akasupe a koyilo kuti ayimitsidwe ndi phunziro lodziwika bwino10.Bahshesh ndi Bahshesh11 adazindikira zida monga E-galasi, kaboni ndi Kevlar monga zosinthika pantchito yawo mu chilengedwe cha ANSYS ndi cholinga chokwaniritsa kulemera kocheperako komanso mphamvu zolimba kwambiri pamapangidwe osiyanasiyana ophatikizika masika.Njira yopangira ndi yofunika kwambiri pakupanga akasupe amagulu.Chifukwa chake, mitundu yosiyanasiyana imabwera pavuto lakukhathamiritsa, monga njira yopangira, masitepe omwe atengedwa, ndi kutsatizana kwa masitepewo12,13.Popanga akasupe a machitidwe osinthika, ma frequency achilengedwe a dongosololi ayenera kuganiziridwa.Ndibwino kuti mafupipafupi achilengedwe a kasupe akhale osachepera 5-10 maulendo achilengedwe a dongosolo kuti apewe resonance14.Taktak et al.7 idaganiza zochepetsera kuchuluka kwa kasupe ndikukulitsa ma frequency oyamba achilengedwe ngati magwiridwe antchito pamapangidwe a coil spring.Adagwiritsa ntchito kusaka kwapateni, malo amkati, seti yogwira, ndi njira zama genetic algorithm mu chida cha Matlab optimization.Kafukufuku wowunikira ndi gawo la kafukufuku wa kasupe, ndipo Finite Element Method ndiyodziwika bwino m'derali15.Patil et al.16 adapanga njira yokwaniritsira yochepetsera kulemera kwa kasupe woponderezedwa wa helical pogwiritsa ntchito njira yowunikira ndikuyesa ma analytic equations pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomaliza.Chinthu china chowonjezera phindu la kasupe ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zomwe zingasunge.Mlanduwu umatsimikiziranso kuti kasupe amasungabe phindu kwa nthawi yayitali.Rahul ndi Rameshkumar17 Yesetsani kuchepetsa voliyumu yamasika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu pamapangidwe amtundu wa koyilo yamagalimoto.Agwiritsanso ntchito ma genetic algorithms pakufufuza kokwanira.
Monga tikuwonera, magawo mu kafukufuku wokhathamiritsa amasiyana malinga ndi dongosolo.Kawirikawiri, kuuma ndi kumeta ubweya wazitsulo ndizofunikira mu dongosolo lomwe katundu wake amanyamula ndizomwe zimatsimikizira.Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu kumaphatikizidwa mu dongosolo la malire olemera ndi magawo awiriwa.Kumbali ina, ma frequency achilengedwe amawunikiridwa kuti apewe ma resonance pamakina osinthika kwambiri.M'makina omwe zofunikira ndizofunikira, mphamvu zimakulitsidwa.M'maphunziro okhathamiritsa, ngakhale kuti FEM imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kafukufuku, zitha kuwoneka kuti ma algorithms a metaheuristic monga genetic algorithm14,18 ndi gray wolf algorithm19 amagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi njira yachikale ya Newton mkati mwa magawo ena.Ma algorithms a Metaheuristic adapangidwa potengera njira zosinthira zachilengedwe zomwe zimayandikira dziko labwino kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa, makamaka mothandizidwa ndi anthu20,21.Ndi kugawidwa mwachisawawa kwa chiwerengero cha anthu omwe amasaka, amapewa kuyenerera kwanuko ndikupita ku optima22 yapadziko lonse.Choncho, m'zaka zaposachedwa wakhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pazovuta zenizeni zamakampani23,24.
Chovuta kwambiri pamakina opindika opangidwa mu phunziroli ndikuti mapiko, omwe anali pamalo otsekedwa asanawuluke, amatsegula nthawi inayake atasiya chubu.Pambuyo pake, chinthu chotseka chimatchinga mapiko.Choncho, akasupe samakhudza mwachindunji kayendetsedwe ka ndege.Pankhaniyi, cholinga cha kukhathamiritsa chinali kukulitsa mphamvu zosungidwa kuti zifulumizitse kuyenda kwa masika.M'mimba mwake, ma waya awiri, kuchuluka kwa mipukutu ndi kupotoza kumatanthauzidwa ngati magawo okhathamiritsa.Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa kasupe, kulemera sikunali kuganiziridwa kukhala cholinga.Choncho, mtundu wazinthu umatanthauzidwa ngati wokhazikika.Mphepete mwa chitetezo cha makina osinthika amatsimikiziridwa ngati malire ovuta.Kuphatikiza apo, zopinga za kukula kosiyanasiyana zimakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa makinawo.Njira ya BA metaheuristic idasankhidwa ngati njira yokwaniritsira.BA idayanjidwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osinthika komanso osavuta, komanso kupita patsogolo kwake pakufufuza kwamakina25.Mu gawo lachiwiri la phunziroli, mawu atsatanetsatane a masamu akuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko ya mapangidwe oyambirira ndi masika a makina opinda.Gawo lachitatu lili ndi kukhathamiritsa aligorivimu ndi kukhathamiritsa zotsatira.Chaputala 4 chimapanga kusanthula mu pulogalamu ya ADAMS.Kuyenerera kwa akasupe kumawunikidwa asanapangidwe.Gawo lomaliza lili ndi zotsatira zoyeserera ndi zithunzi zoyeserera.Zotsatira zomwe zinapezedwa mu phunziroli zinafaniziridwanso ndi ntchito yapitayi ya olemba pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya DOE.
Mapiko opangidwa mu phunziroli akuyenera kupindikira pamwamba pa roketi.Mapiko amazungulira kuchoka pa opindika kupita pa malo otambasuka.Kwa ichi, makina apadera adapangidwa.Pa mkuyu.1 ikuwonetsa kupindika ndi kumasulidwa5 mu rocket coordinate system.
Pa mkuyu.2 ikuwonetsa mawonekedwe a gawo la makinawo.Makinawa amakhala ndi zigawo zingapo zamakina: (1) thupi lalikulu, (2) tsinde la mapiko, (3) kunyamula, (4) thupi lotsekera, (5) chitsamba chotseka, (6) pini yoyimitsa, (7) kasupe wa torsion ndi ( 8) psinjika akasupe.Phiko la mapiko (2) limalumikizidwa ndi kasupe wa mapiko (7) kudzera m'makono okhoma (4).Magawo onse atatu amazungulira nthawi imodzi roketi ikanyamuka.Ndi kayendedwe kozungulira kumeneku, mapiko amatembenukira kumalo awo omaliza.Pambuyo pake, pini (6) imayendetsedwa ndi kukanikiza kasupe (8), motero kutsekereza njira yonse ya thupi lotseka (4)5.
Elastic modulus (E) ndi shear modulus (G) ndizomwe zimapangidwira masika.Mu phunziro ili, high carbon spring steel waya (Music waya ASTM A228) anasankhidwa ngati chuma chakumapeto.Magawo ena ndi mawaya awiri (d), avareji ya koyilo yapakati (Dm), kuchuluka kwa ma koyilo (N) ndi kupotokola kwa masika (xd kwa akasupe oponderezana ndi θ kwa akasupe a torsion)26.Mphamvu zosungidwa za akasupe a compression \({(SE}_{x})\) ndi torsion (\({SE}_{\theta}\))) akasupe amatha kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku equation.(1) ndi (2) 26.(Mtengo wa shear modulus (G) wa kasupe woponderezedwa ndi 83.7E9 Pa, ndipo zotanuka modulus (E) pa kasupe wa torsion ndi 203.4E9 Pa.)
Miyeso yamakina yadongosolo imatsimikizira mwachindunji zopinga za geometric za masika.Kuphatikiza apo, mikhalidwe yomwe rocket idzakhalire iyeneranso kuganiziridwa.Zinthu izi zimatsimikizira malire a masika magawo.Cholepheretsa china chofunikira ndicho chitetezo.Kutanthauzira kwa chitetezo chachitetezo kumafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane ndi Shigley et al.26.The compression spring safety factor (SFC) imatanthauzidwa ngati kupsinjika kwakukulu kovomerezeka kugawanika ndi kupsinjika kwautali wopitilira.SFC ikhoza kuwerengedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma equations.(3), (4), (5) ndi (6)26.(Kwa zinthu zakale zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu, \({S}_{sy}=980 MPa\)).F imayimira mphamvu mu equation ndipo KB imayimira Bergstrasser factor ya 26.
The torsion safety factor of a spring (SFT) imatanthauzidwa kuti M yogawidwa ndi k.SFT ikhoza kuwerengedwa kuchokera ku equation.(7), (8), (9) ndi (10)26.(Pazinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kafukufukuyu, \({S}_{y}=1600 \mathrm{MPa}\)).Mu equation, M amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati torque, \({k}^{^{\prime}}\) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masika nthawi zonse (makokedwe / kuzungulira), ndipo Ki amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza kupsinjika maganizo.
Cholinga chachikulu cha kukhathamiritsa mu phunziroli ndi kukulitsa mphamvu ya masika.Ntchito ya cholinga imapangidwa kuti ipeze \(\ overrightarrow{\{X\}}\) yomwe imakulitsa \(f(X)\).\({f}_{1}(X)\) ndi \({f}_{2}(X)\) ndi ntchito za mphamvu za kukanikizana ndi kasupe wa torsion, motsatana.Zosintha zowerengeredwa ndi ntchito zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukhathamiritsa zikuwonetsedwa m'maequation otsatirawa.
Zolepheretsa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayikidwa pamapangidwe a kasupe zimaperekedwa muzotsatira zotsatirazi.Ma equations (15) ndi (16) amayimira zinthu zotetezera kupsinjika ndi akasupe a torsion, motsatana.Mu kafukufukuyu, SFC iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi 1.2 ndipo SFT iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi θ26.
BA idalimbikitsidwa ndi njira zopezera mungu wa njuchi27.Njuchi zimafuna potumiza anthu odyetsera zakudya kuminda yachonde komanso odyetserako ziweto ochepa kuminda yopanda chonde.Choncho, kwambiri dzuwa kwa anthu njuchi zimatheka.Kumbali inayi, njuchi zofufuza zikupitiriza kuyang'ana madera atsopano a mungu, ndipo ngati pali malo ochuluka kwambiri kuposa kale, odyetsera zakudya ambiri adzalunjikitsidwa kudera latsopanoli28.BA ili ndi magawo awiri: kusaka kwanuko komanso kusaka padziko lonse lapansi.Kusaka kwanuko kumayang'ana madera ambiri omwe ali pafupi ndi ochepa (malo osankhika), monga njuchi, ndi zochepa pamasamba ena (masamba abwino kwambiri kapena owonetsedwa).Kusaka mosasamala kumachitika pakusaka kwapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo ngati zabwino zipezeka, masiteshoni amasunthidwa kupita kumalo osaka komweko pobwerezanso.Ma algorithm ali ndi magawo ena: kuchuluka kwa njuchi (n), kuchuluka kwa malo osakira (m), kuchuluka kwa malo osankhika (e), kuchuluka kwa ofufuza m'malo osankhika (nep), kuchuluka kwa ofufuza madera abwino kwambiri.Malo (nsp), kukula kwa oyandikana nawo (ngh), ndi kuchuluka kwa kubwereza (I)29.BA pseudocode ikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3.
Ma aligorivimu amayesa kugwira ntchito pakati pa \({g}_{1}(X)\) ndi \({g}_{2}(X)\).Chifukwa cha kubwereza kulikonse, zikhalidwe zabwino zimatsimikiziridwa ndipo anthu amasonkhanitsidwa mozungulira izi poyesa kupeza zabwino.Zoletsa zimawunikidwa m'magawo akusaka kwanuko komanso padziko lonse lapansi.Pakufufuza kwanuko, ngati zinthuzi zili zoyenera, mphamvu yamagetsi imawerengedwa.Ngati mtengo wamagetsi watsopano ndi waukulu kuposa mtengo wokwanira, perekani mtengo watsopanowo pamtengo wokwanira.Ngati mtengo wabwino kwambiri womwe wapezeka pazotsatira uli wokulirapo kuposa zomwe zili pano, chinthu chatsopanocho chidzaphatikizidwa mgululi.Chithunzi cha block chakusaka kwanuko chikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 4.
Chiwerengero cha anthu ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri mu BA.Zitha kuwonedwa kuchokera kumaphunziro am'mbuyomu kuti kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwazomwe zimafunikira ndikuwonjezera mwayi wopambana.Komabe, chiwerengero cha kuwunika ntchito chikuwonjezekanso.Kukhalapo kwa malo ambiri osankhika sikumakhudza kwambiri ntchito.Chiwerengero cha malo osankhika akhoza kukhala otsika ngati si zero30.Kukula kwa njuchi za scout (n) nthawi zambiri zimasankhidwa pakati pa 30 ndi 100. Mu phunziro ili, zochitika zonse za 30 ndi 50 zinayendetsedwa kuti zizindikire nambala yoyenera (Table 2).Magawo ena amatsimikiziridwa malinga ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu.Chiwerengero cha malo osankhidwa (m) ndi (pafupifupi) 25% ya kukula kwa anthu, ndipo chiwerengero cha malo osankhika (e) pakati pa malo osankhidwa ndi 25% ya m.Chiwerengero cha njuchi zodyetsera (chiwerengero chakusaka) chinasankhidwa kukhala 100 kwa ziwembu za anthu osankhika ndi 30 za ziwembu zina zakomweko.Kusaka kwa oyandikana nawo ndiye lingaliro lofunikira la ma algorithms onse achisinthiko.Mu phunziro ili, njira yochepetsera anthu oyandikana nawo inagwiritsidwa ntchito.Njirayi imachepetsa kukula kwa malo oyandikana nawo pamlingo wina panthawi iliyonse yobwereza.M'tsogolomu, madera ang'onoang'ono30 angagwiritsidwe ntchito kufufuza molondola.
Pachiwonetsero chilichonse, mayesero khumi otsatizana adachitidwa kuti ayang'ane kubwereza kwa ndondomeko ya kukhathamiritsa.Pa mkuyu.5 ikuwonetsa zotsatira za kukhathamiritsa kwa kasupe wa torsion pa chiwembu 1, komanso mkuyu.6 - pa chiwembu 2. Deta yoyesera imaperekedwanso mu tebulo 3 ndi 4 (tebulo lomwe lili ndi zotsatira zomwe zapezedwa pa kasupe wa psinjika ili mu Supplementary Information S1).Kuchuluka kwa njuchi kumakulitsa kufunafuna zabwinobwino pakubwereza koyamba.Muzochitika 1, zotsatira za mayesero ena zinali zochepa kwambiri.Mu Scenario 2, zitha kuwoneka kuti zotsatira zonse zakukhathamiritsa zikuyandikira kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi magawo ena ofunikira.Zitha kuwoneka kuti zomwe zili mu Scenario 2 ndizokwanira pa algorithm.
Mukapeza kuchuluka kwamphamvu kwamphamvu pakubwereza, chitetezo chimaperekedwanso ngati cholepheretsa pa kafukufukuyu.Onani tebulo lachitetezo.Mphamvu zamphamvu zomwe zimapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito BA zimafananizidwa ndi zomwe zimapezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya 5 DOE mu Table 5. (Kuti apange mosavuta, kuchuluka kwa kutembenuka (N) kwa masika a torsion ndi 4.9 m'malo mwa 4.88, ndi kupotoza (xd) ) ndi 8 mm m'malo mwa 7.99 mm mu kasupe woponderezedwa.) Zitha kuwoneka kuti BA ndi Zotsatira zabwino.BA imayesa mayendedwe onse kudzera m'mawonekedwe am'deralo komanso apadziko lonse lapansi.Mwanjira iyi amatha kuyesa njira zina mwachangu.
Mu phunziro ili, Adams anagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza kayendedwe ka mapiko.Adams amapatsidwa koyamba mtundu wa 3D wamakina.Kenako fotokozani kasupe ndi magawo omwe asankhidwa mu gawo lapitalo.Kuphatikiza apo, magawo ena amafunikira kufotokozedwa pakuwunika kwenikweni.Izi ndi zinthu zakuthupi monga kulumikizana, katundu wakuthupi, kukhudzana, kukangana, ndi mphamvu yokoka.Pali mgwirizano wozungulira pakati pa blade shaft ndi bearing.Pali 5-6 cylindrical mfundo.Pali 5-1 zolumikizana zokhazikika.Thupi lalikulu limapangidwa ndi zinthu za aluminiyamu ndikukhazikika.Zida za zigawo zina zonse ndi zitsulo.Sankhani coefficient ya kukangana, kuuma kukhudzana ndi kuya kwa malowedwe a mkangano kutengera mtundu wa zinthu.(chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri AISI 304) Mu phunziro ili, chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yotsegulira makina a mapiko, omwe ayenera kukhala osachepera 200 ms.Choncho, yang'anani nthawi yotsegulira mapiko panthawi yowunikira.
Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwa Adams, nthawi yotsegulira makina a mapiko ndi 74 milliseconds.Zotsatira za kuyerekezera kwamphamvu kuchokera ku 1 mpaka 4 zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 7. Chithunzi choyamba mu Chithunzi.5 ndi nthawi yoyambira yoyeserera ndipo mapiko ali modikirira kuti apinda.(2) Imawonetsa malo a phiko pambuyo pa 40ms pamene phiko lazungulira madigiri 43.(3) ikuwonetsa malo a phiko pambuyo pa 71 milliseconds.Komanso mu chithunzi chotsiriza (4) chikuwonetsa kutha kwa kutembenuka kwa phiko ndi malo otseguka.Chifukwa cha kusanthula kwamphamvu, zidawoneka kuti njira yotsegulira mapiko ndi yayifupi kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa 200 ms.Kuphatikiza apo, poyesa akasupe, malire achitetezo adasankhidwa kuchokera pazabwino kwambiri zomwe zidalimbikitsidwa m'mabuku.
Pambuyo pomaliza maphunziro onse opangira, kukhathamiritsa ndi kuyerekezera, mawonekedwe a makinawo adapangidwa ndikuphatikizidwa.Chitsanzocho chinayesedwa kuti chitsimikizire zotsatira zofananira.Choyamba tetezani chipolopolo chachikulu ndikupinda mapiko.Kenako mapikowo adatulutsidwa kuchokera pamalo opindika ndipo kanema adapangidwa wa kuzungulira kwa mapikowo kuchokera pamalo opindika kupita komwe adayikidwa.The timer idagwiritsidwanso ntchito kusanthula nthawi yojambulira makanema.
Pa mkuyu.8 ikuwonetsa mafelemu amakanema owerengeka 1-4.Nambala ya chimango 1 pachithunzichi ikuwonetsa mphindi yakumasulidwa kwa mapiko opindidwa.Mphindi iyi imatengedwa ngati mphindi yoyamba ya nthawi t0.Mafelemu 2 ndi 3 amasonyeza malo a mapiko 40 ms ndi 70 ms pambuyo pa mphindi yoyamba.Mukasanthula mafelemu 3 ndi 4, zitha kuwoneka kuti kuyenda kwa mapiko kumakhazikika 90 ms pambuyo pa t0, ndipo kutsegula kwa mapiko kumamaliza pakati pa 70 ndi 90 ms.Izi zikutanthauza kuti kuyezetsa komanso kuyesa kwa ma prototype kumapereka pafupifupi nthawi yofananira yamapiko, ndipo kapangidwe kake kamakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakina.
Munkhaniyi, akasupe a torsion ndi compression omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popinda mapiko amakongoletsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito BA.Zosintha zitha kufikika mwachangu ndikubwereza pang'ono.Kasupe wa torsion adavotera 1075 mJ ndipo kasupe wa compression adavotera 37.24 mJ.Izi ndi zabwino 40-50% kuposa maphunziro am'mbuyomu a DOE.Kasupe akuphatikizidwa mu makina ndikuwunikidwa mu pulogalamu ya ADAMS.Atasanthula, adapeza kuti mapikowo adatsegulidwa mkati mwa 74 milliseconds.Mtengowu ndi wocheperapo pomwe cholinga cha polojekitiyi cha 200 milliseconds.Mu kafukufuku woyeserera wotsatira, nthawi yotsegulira idayezedwa kukhala pafupifupi 90 ms.Kusiyana kwa 16 millisecond pakati pa kusanthula kungakhale chifukwa cha chilengedwe chomwe sichinatsatidwe mu pulogalamuyo.Amakhulupirira kuti ma algorithm okhathamiritsa omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kafukufukuyu angagwiritsidwe ntchito pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamasika.
Zida zamasika zidafotokozedweratu ndipo sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zosinthika pakukhathamiritsa.Popeza mitundu yambiri ya akasupe imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndege ndi maroketi, BA idzagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga akasupe amitundu ina pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana kuti akwaniritse mapangidwe abwino a kasupe pakufufuza kwamtsogolo.
Tikulengeza kuti bukuli ndi loyambirira, silinasindikizidwe kale, ndipo silikuganiziridwa kuti lifalitsidwe kwina kulikonse.
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