316L chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri capillary koyilo tubing gawo la mankhwala

Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikukhazikitsa njira yopangira makina a laser yokhala ndi zolondola kwambiri komanso ndalama zodziwikiratu.Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kusanthula kukula ndi zitsanzo zolosera zamtengo wapatali zopangira laser mkati mwa Nd:YVO4 microchannels mu PMMA ndi processing laser wamkati wa polycarbonate kuti apange zipangizo za microfluidic.Kuti akwaniritse zolinga za polojekitiyi, ANN ndi DoE anayerekezera kukula ndi mtengo wa CO2 ndi Nd: YVO4 laser systems.Kukhazikitsa kwathunthu kwa kuwongolera kwamayankho ndi kulondola kwa submicron pamayimidwe amzere ndi mayankho kuchokera ku encoder kumakhazikitsidwa.Makamaka, makina opangira ma radiation a laser ndikuyika zitsanzo kumayendetsedwa ndi FPGA.Kudziwa mozama za Nd: YVO4 kachitidwe kachitidwe kachitidwe ndi mapulogalamu adalola gawo lowongolera kuti lisinthidwe ndi Compact-Rio Programmable Automation Controller (PAC), zomwe zidakwaniritsidwa mu High Resolution Feedback 3D Positioning sitepe ya LabVIEW Code Control Submicron Encoders. .Makina athunthu a njirayi mu LabVIEW code akukula.Ntchito zomwe zikuchitika komanso zam'tsogolo zikuphatikiza kuyeza kulondola kwa mawonekedwe, kulondola komanso kupangidwanso kwa kamangidwe kake, komanso kukhathamiritsa kwa microchannel geometry ya microfluidic ndi labotale pa chipangizo-pa-a-chip nsalu yopangira mankhwala / kusanthula ndi sayansi yolekanitsa.

316 L Othandizira machubu osapanga dzimbiri a capillary

Stainless Steel Coil Tubing ndi chubu chachitsulo chachitali kwambiri chomwe nthawi zambiri chimakhala mainchesi 1 - 3.25 m'mimba mwake chomwe chimaperekedwa molumikizana ndi reel yayikulu m'mafakitale amafuta ndi gasi.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsutsana m'chitsime chamafuta ndi gasi ndipo nthawi zina ngati machubu opangira m'zitsime zamafuta zomwe zatha.

Zofanana ndi ma wireliningSS 316 Seamless Coiled Tubing nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita ntchito.Ubwino waukulu pa mawaya ndi kuthekera kopopa mankhwala kudzera pa koyilo ndikutha kukankhira mu dzenje m'malo modalira mphamvu yokoka.Stainless Steel Coil Tubing Heat Exchanger ndi yabwino kwa mapulogalamu monga ma unit heaters, boiler air preheating, condensing and cooling and high pressure, air tempering and dryer applications.Zina mwazinthu za coil chubing heat exchangers ndi kusinthasintha, kutsika kwapansi, kuthamanga kwambiri.

304 Stainless Steel Coil chubu imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati ntchito yotsika mtengo popanga ma opareshoni.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pobowola mabowo otseguka komanso pobowola.Zitsulo zopindika zamachubu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyambira 55,000psi -120,000psi kotero zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthyola nkhokwe, njira yomwe madzimadzi amapanikizidwa mpaka masauzande a psi pachitsime kuti athyole thanthwe ndikuloleza kutuluka. kutuluka kwa mankhwala.Pafupifupi ntchito iliyonse Machubu a Coil amatha kugwira ntchito pachitsime chamafuta ngati atagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera.Welded Stainless Steel Coil chubu ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera monga magetsi apamwamba, chithandizo cha kutentha kwambiri, kutentha, ndi zina. Ubwino wosankha Duplex Stainless Steel Pipe wopanga ndikupeza 10% yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi stockist ndi ogulitsa ku Mumbai ndi Prime quality zakuthupi. ndi Certificate ya Mill test.Ubwino wosankha wopanga 5/16 Stainless Steel Tubing Coil ndikupeza 10% yotsika mtengo poyerekeza ndi stockist ndi ogulitsa ku Mumbai ndi Prime quality material yokhala ndi Mill test Certificate.

Mtengo wotsika kwambiri wa magawo a Stainless Steel Coil Tubing

Tchati cha SS 316 Chophimbidwa Chokhazikika cha Tubing

PVC kapena TPU yokutidwa SS 316 Seamless Coiled Tubing yoyenera mizere yowongolera, umbilicals, ndi mizere ya jakisoni wamankhwala.

Ntchito zambiri zamagawo opangidwa ndi semi-hard metal (SSM) zimafunikira makina abwino kwambiri.Zodziwika bwino zamakina monga kukana kuvala, kulimba kwambiri komanso kuuma zimadalira mawonekedwe a microstructure omwe amapangidwa ndi kukula kwa mbewu zabwino kwambiri.Kukula kwambewu kumeneku nthawi zambiri kumadalira momwe SSM imagwirira ntchito.Komabe, ma SSM castings nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi porosity yotsalira, yomwe imawononga kwambiri magwiridwe antchito.Pantchitoyi, njira zofunika zopangira zitsulo zolimba kwambiri kuti mupeze zida zapamwamba zidzafufuzidwa.Zigawozi ziyenera kukhala zocheperako komanso kuwongolera mawonekedwe a microstructural, kuphatikiza kukula kwa tirigu wabwino kwambiri komanso kugawa kofanana kwa ma precipitates owumitsa ndi kaphatikizidwe ka microelement.Makamaka, chikoka cha njira yowonetsera kutentha kwa nthawi pakukula kwa microstructure yofunidwa idzawunikidwa.Katundu wobwera chifukwa cha kukula kwa misa, monga kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu, kuuma ndi kuuma, zidzafufuzidwa.
Ntchitoyi ndi kafukufuku wa laser kusinthidwa pamwamba pa H13 chida zitsulo pogwiritsa ntchito pulsed laser processing mode.Dongosolo loyeserera loyeserera lomwe lidachitika lidapangitsa kuti pakhale dongosolo latsatanetsatane latsatanetsatane.Laser ya carbon dioxide (CO2) yokhala ndi kutalika kwa 10.6 µm imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Mu dongosolo loyesera la phunziroli, mawanga a laser amitundu itatu yosiyana adagwiritsidwa ntchito: 0.4, 0.2, ndi 0.09 mm m'mimba mwake.Magawo ena owongolera ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya laser, kubwereza kwa kugunda komanso kuphatikizika kwa kugunda.Argon mpweya pa kuthamanga kwa 0.1 MPa nthawi zonse amathandiza laser processing.Zitsanzo za H13 zidalimbidwa movutikira komanso zomangika ndi mankhwala zisanachitike kuti ziwonjezeke kuyamwa pamwamba pa CO2 laser wavelength.Zitsanzo zothandizidwa ndi laser zidakonzekera maphunziro a metallographic ndipo zida zawo zakuthupi ndi zamakina zidadziwika.Maphunziro a Metallographic ndi kusanthula kwamankhwala amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito scanning electron microscopy kuphatikiza mphamvu dispersive X-ray spectrometry.Kuzindikira kwa Crystallinity ndi gawo la malo osinthidwa kunachitika pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya XRD yokhala ndi ma radiation a Cu Kα ndi kutalika kwa 1.54 Å.Mbiri yapamtunda imayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito stylus profiling system.Kuuma kwa malo osinthidwawo adayesedwa ndi Vickers diamondi microindentation.Chikoka cha roughness pamwamba pa kutopa kwa malo osinthidwa anaphunziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangidwa mwapadera otenthetsera kutentha.Zawonedwa kuti ndizotheka kupeza mbewu zosinthidwa zokhala ndi ultrafine size zosakwana 500 nm.Kuzama kwapamwamba pamtunda wa 35 mpaka 150 µm kunapezedwa pa zitsanzo za H13 za laser.Kuwala kwa mawonekedwe a H13 osinthidwa kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, komwe kumagwirizanitsidwa ndi kugawidwa kwachisawawa kwa crystallites pambuyo pa chithandizo cha laser.Pafupipafupi kukonzedwa kwapakati pa H13 Ra ndi 1.9 µm.Kupeza kwina kofunikira ndikuti kuuma kwa malo osinthidwa a H13 kumachokera ku 728 mpaka 905 HV0.1 pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya laser.Ubale pakati pa zotsatira za kuyerekezera kwamafuta (kuwotcha ndi kuzizira) ndi zotsatira zowuma zidakhazikitsidwa kuti zimvetsetse zotsatira za magawo a laser.Zotsatirazi ndizofunikira pakupanga njira zowumitsa pamwamba kuti zithandizire kukana kuvala komanso zokutira zoteteza kutentha.
Parametric effect ya mipira yolimba yamasewera pakupanga ma cores wamba a GAA sliotar
Cholinga chachikulu cha phunziroli ndikuwonetsa machitidwe osunthika a sliotar core pakukhudzidwa.Makhalidwe a viscoelastic a mpirawo adachitidwa pamayendedwe osiyanasiyana.Magawo amakono a polima amakhudzidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa zovuta, pomwe zigawo zachikhalidwe zamagawo ambiri zimatengera zovuta.Kuyankha kwa viscoelastic kopanda mzere kumatanthauzidwa ndi mfundo ziwiri zowuma: kuuma koyamba ndi kuuma kwakukulu.Mipira yachikhalidwe imakhala yolimba nthawi 2.5 kuposa mipira yamakono, kutengera liwiro.Kuthamanga kwachiwongolero cha kuuma kwa mipira wamba kumapangitsa kuti COR ikhale yosagwirizana kwambiri ndi liwiro poyerekeza ndi mipira yamakono.Zotsatira za kuuma kwamphamvu zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa ma quasi-static test ndi ma spring theory equations.Kuwunika kwa machitidwe a spherical deformation kukuwonetsa kuti kusamuka kwapakati pa mphamvu yokoka ndi kuponderezana kwa diametrical sikufanana ndi mitundu yonse ya mabwalo.Kupyolera mu kuyesa kwakukulu kwa prototyping, zotsatira za zochitika zopanga mpira zidafufuzidwa.Kupanga magawo a kutentha, kupanikizika ndi kapangidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana kuti apange mipira yambiri.Kuuma kwa polima kumakhudza kuuma koma osati kutaya mphamvu, kuonjezera kuuma kumawonjezera kuuma kwa mpira.Zowonjezera za nyukiliya zimakhudza reactivity ya mpira, kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa zowonjezera kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa reactivity ya mpira, koma izi zimakhudzidwa ndi kalasi ya polima.Kusanthula manambala kunachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito masamu atatu kuti ayese kuyankha kwa mpira kuti akhudze.Chitsanzo choyamba chinatsimikizira kuti chikhoza kuberekanso khalidwe la mpirawo pang'onopang'ono, ngakhale kuti kale adagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino pamitundu ina ya mipira.Chitsanzo chachiwiri chinasonyeza kuyimira koyenera kwa kuyankha kwa mpira komwe nthawi zambiri kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitundu yonse ya mpira yomwe inayesedwa, koma kuyankha mokakamiza kuyankha kulondola sikunali kokwera kwambiri momwe kungakhudzire kukhazikitsidwa kwakukulu.Chitsanzo chachitatu chinasonyeza kulondola kwambiri poyerekezera kuyankha kwa mpira.Mphamvu zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mtundu wamtunduwu ndi 95% zimagwirizana ndi zoyeserera.
Ntchitoyi inakwaniritsa zolinga zazikulu ziwiri.Imodzi ndi mapangidwe ndi kupanga kwapamwamba kutentha capillary viscometer, ndipo yachiwiri ndi theka-olimba zitsulo otaya kayeseleledwe kuthandiza pakupanga ndi kupereka deta pofuna kufananitsa.Kutentha kwambiri kwa capillary viscometer kunamangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa koyamba.Chipangizocho chidzagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala kwazitsulo zolimba kwambiri pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kumeta ubweya wofanana ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani.Capillary viscometer ndi njira imodzi yokha yomwe imatha kuwerengera mamasukidwe akayendedwe poyesa kuthamanga ndi kutsika kwapakati pa capillary, popeza kukhuthala kumayenderana mwachindunji ndi kutsika kwamphamvu komanso mosagwirizana ndikuyenda.Njira zopangira zikuphatikizapo zofunikira pa kutentha koyendetsedwa bwino mpaka 800ºC, mitengo ya jekeseni ya jekeseni pamwamba pa 10,000 s-1, ndi mbiri ya jakisoni yoyendetsedwa.Chitsanzo chodalira nthawi cha magawo awiri cha magawo awiri chinapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito FLUENT software for computational fluid dynamics (CFD).Izi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala kwa zitsulo zolimba ngati zikudutsa mu capillary viscometer yopangidwa ndi ma jekeseni a 0.075, 0.5 ndi 1 m / s.Zotsatira za kachigawo kakang'ono kazitsulo zolimba (fs) kuchokera ku 0.25 mpaka 0.50 zinafufuzidwanso.Kwa mphamvu-chilamulo mamasukidwe akayendedwe equation ntchito kupanga momveka bwino chitsanzo, malumikizanidwe amphamvu anadziwika pakati magawo ndi zotsatira mamasukidwe akayendedwe.
Pepalali limafufuza momwe magawo amagwirira ntchito popanga Al-SiC metal matrix composites (MMC) munjira yopangira kompositi.Njira zophunzirira zinaphatikizapo kuthamanga kwa stirrer, nthawi ya stirrer, stirrer geometry, stirrer position, kutentha kwazitsulo zamadzimadzi (kukhuthala).Zoyeserera zowoneka zidachitika kutentha kwachipinda (25 ± C), zoyeserera zamakompyuta ndikuyesa kutsimikizira kupanga MMC Al-SiC.Poyerekeza ndi makompyuta, madzi ndi glycerin / madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuimira aluminiyamu yamadzimadzi ndi semi-solid, motsatira.Zotsatira za ma viscosity a 1, 300, 500, 800, ndi 1000 mPa s ndi mitengo yolimbikitsa ya 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, ndi 300 rpm adafufuzidwa.Mipukutu 10 pa chidutswa chilichonse.% yolimbitsa ma particles a SiC, ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu aluminium MMK, adagwiritsidwa ntchito powonetsa ndi kuyesa mayeso.Mayeso ojambulira adachitidwa mu beak zagalasi zomveka bwino.Zoyeserera zamakompyuta zidachitika pogwiritsa ntchito Fluent (pulogalamu ya CFD) ndi phukusi la MixSim losankha.Izi zikuphatikiza 2D axisymmetric multiphase kutengera nthawi yotengera njira zopangira pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa Eulerian (granular).Kudalira kwa tinthu kubalalitsidwa nthawi, kukhazikika nthawi ndi vortex kutalika pa kusakaniza geometry ndi stirrer kasinthasintha liwiro wakhazikitsidwa.Kwa choyambukira chokhala ndi ° pa zopalasa, ngodya yopalasa ya madigiri 60 yapezeka kuti ndiyoyenera kuti ipezeke mwachangu kufalikira kwa tinthu.Chifukwa cha mayeserowa, adapeza kuti kuti apeze kugawa yunifolomu ya SiC, kuthamanga kwachangu kunali 150 rpm kwa dongosolo la madzi-SiC ndi 300 rpm kwa dongosolo la glycerol / madzi-SiC.Zinapezeka kuti kuonjezera mamasukidwe akayendedwe kuchokera 1 mPa · s (kwa madzi zitsulo) kuti 300 mPa · s (kwa theka-olimba zitsulo) anakhudza kwambiri kubalalitsidwa ndi mafunsidwe nthawi ya SiC.Komabe, kuonjeza kwina kuchoka pa 300 mPa·s kufika pa 1000 mPa·s sikukhala ndi zotsatirapo zambiri panthawiyi.Gawo lalikulu la ntchitoyi linaphatikizapo kupanga, kumanga ndi kutsimikizira makina odzipatulira owumitsa mofulumira a njira yochizira kutentha kwambiri.Makinawa amakhala ndi chowotcha chokhala ndi masamba anayi athyathyathya pamakona a madigiri 60 ndi crucible m'chipinda cha ng'anjo chokhala ndi kutentha kokwanira.Kukhazikitsa kumaphatikizapo actuator yomwe imazimitsa msanga kusakaniza kokonzedwa.Chipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida za Al-SiC.Kawirikawiri, mgwirizano wabwino unapezeka pakati pa kuwonetsera, kuwerengera ndi zotsatira zoyesera.
Pali njira zambiri zofananira za rapid prototyping (RP) zomwe zapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mokulira makamaka mzaka khumi zapitazi.Makina ojambulira mwachangu omwe amapezeka pamalonda masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito mapepala, sera, utomoni wochiritsa kuwala, ma polima, ndi ufa wachitsulo wanovel.Ntchitoyi inaphatikizapo njira yowonongeka mofulumira, Fused Deposition Modeling, yomwe inayamba kugulitsidwa mu 1991. Mu ntchitoyi, njira yatsopano yowonetsera zojambulajambula pogwiritsa ntchito sera inapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Pulojekitiyi ikufotokoza momwe dongosololi limapangidwira komanso njira yoyika sera.Makina a FDM amapanga magawo potulutsa zinthu zosungunuka pang'ono papulatifomu mwanjira yodziwikiratu kudzera m'milomo yotentha.Nozzle extrusion imayikidwa pa tebulo la XY loyendetsedwa ndi makompyuta.Kuphatikizana ndi kuwongolera kwa makina a plunger ndi malo a depositor, zitsanzo zolondola zimapangidwa.Sera imodzi imayikidwa pamwamba pa ina kuti ipange zinthu za 2D ndi 3D.Makhalidwe a sera nawonso adawunikidwa kuti akwaniritse bwino kapangidwe kamitundu.Izi zikuphatikizapo kutentha kwa kutentha kwa sera, kukhuthala kwa sera, ndi mawonekedwe a sera yomwe imagwera panthawi yokonza.
Pazaka zisanu zapitazi, magulu ofufuza ku City University Dublin Division Science Cluster apanga njira ziwiri za laser micromachining zomwe zimatha kupanga ma tchanelo ndi ma voxel okhala ndi ma micron-scale resolution.Cholinga cha ntchitoyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zodziwikiratu kuti zitha kusiyanitsa ma biomolecules.Ntchito yoyambirira ikuwonetsa kuti ma morphologies atsopano osakanikirana a capillary ndi njira zapamtunda amatha kupangidwa kuti apititse patsogolo luso lolekanitsa.Ntchitoyi idzayang'ana kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zida za micromachining zomwe zilipo popanga ma geometri ndi ma tchanelo omwe angapereke kulekanitsa bwino komanso mawonekedwe azinthu zachilengedwe.Kugwiritsa ntchito machitidwewa kudzatsata njira ya lab-on-a-chip pazolinga za biodiagnostic.Zipangizo zopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopangidwazi zizigwiritsidwa ntchito mu labotale ya microfluidic ya polojekitiyi.Cholinga cha polojekitiyi ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyesera, kukhathamiritsa, ndi njira zofananira kuti zipereke mgwirizano wachindunji pakati pa magawo a laser processing ndi mawonekedwe a micro- ndi nanoscale channel, ndikugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi kukonza njira zolekanitsa mu microtechnologies.Zotulukapo zenizeni za ntchitoyi zikuphatikiza: kapangidwe ka mayendedwe ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba kuti apititse patsogolo sayansi yolekanitsa;magawo monolithic kupopera ndi m'zigawo mu Integrated tchipisi;kulekanitsa ma biomolecules osankhidwa ndi ochotsedwa pa tchipisi chophatikizika.
Kupanga ndi kuwongolera kwa kutentha kwakanthawi kochepa komanso mbiri yayitali pamizere ya capillary LC pogwiritsa ntchito ma Peltier arrays ndi infrared thermography.
Njira yatsopano yolumikizirana mwachindunji yowongolera kutentha kwa mizati ya capillary yapangidwa potengera kugwiritsa ntchito ma cell a Peltier omwe amayendetsedwa ndi thermoelectric Peltier.Pulatifomuyi imapereka kuwongolera kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa ma capillary ndi yaying'ono ya LC ndipo imalola kukonza nthawi imodzi ya kutentha kwakanthawi komanso kwapakati.Pulatifomu imagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwa 15 mpaka 200 ° C ndi mlingo wa ramp wa pafupifupi 400 ° C / min pa selo iliyonse ya 10 yogwirizana ndi maselo a Peltier.Dongosololi lidawunikidwa pamitundu ingapo yoyezera yochokera ku capillary, monga kugwiritsa ntchito mwachindunji ma gradients omwe ali ndi mbiri yofananira komanso yopanda mzere, kuphatikiza ma static column kutentha ndi kutentha kwapanthawi kochepa, kutentha komwe kumayendetsedwa ndi kutentha, polymerized capillary monolithic. magawo osasunthika, ndikupanga magawo a monolithic mumayendedwe a microfluidic (pa chip).Chidacho chingagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi machitidwe okhazikika komanso amtundu wa chromatography.
Electrohydrodynamic ikuyang'ana pa chipangizo cha microfluidic choyang'ana pawiri-dimensional planar for preconcentration of analytes ang'onoang'ono.
Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo electrohydrodynamic focusing (EHDF) ndi photon transfer kuti zithandize chitukuko chisanadze komanso kuzindikira mitundu.EHDF ndi njira yolunjika yoyang'ana ma ion kutengera kukhazikika pakati pa mphamvu ya hydrodynamic ndi magetsi, momwe ma ion achidwi amakhazikika.Kafukufukuyu akupereka njira yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito 2D open 2D flat space planar microfluidic chipangizo m'malo mwa microchannel system wamba.Zida zotere zimatha kuyika zinthu zambirimbiri ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kupanga.Kafukufukuyu akupereka zotsatira za kayesedwe katsopano kopangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito COMSOL Multiphysics® 3.5a.Zotsatira za zitsanzozi zinafaniziridwa ndi zotsatira zoyesera kuyesa ma geometri othamanga omwe amadziwika ndi madera omwe ali ndi chidwi kwambiri.Chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi chiwerengero cha microfluidic chinafaniziridwa ndi zoyesera zomwe zidasindikizidwa kale ndipo zotsatira zake zinali zogwirizana kwambiri.Kutengera kuyerekezera uku, mtundu watsopano wa sitimayo unafufuzidwa kuti upereke mikhalidwe yabwino kwambiri ya EHDF.Zotsatira zoyeserera pogwiritsa ntchito chip zidapangitsa kuti chifanizirocho chikhale chopambana.Mu tchipisi tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono, mawonekedwe atsopano adawonedwa, otchedwa lateral EGDP, pomwe chinthu chomwe chikuphunziridwacho chimayang'ana kwambiri pamagetsi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito.Chifukwa kuzindikira ndi kujambula ndi mbali zofunika kwambiri za kachitidwe kolemeretsa kotereku komanso kuzindikiritsa mitundu.Zitsanzo za manambala ndi kutsimikizira koyesera kwa kufalikira kwa kuwala ndi kufalikira kwa mphamvu ya kuwala mu machitidwe a microfluidic awiri-dimensional amaperekedwa.The otukuka manambala chitsanzo cha kufalitsa kuwala anali bwinobwino kutsimikiziridwa experimentally zonse mawu a njira yeniyeni ya kuwala kudzera dongosolo ndi mawu a mphamvu kugawa, amene anapereka zotsatira zomwe zingakhale chidwi kwa kukhathamiritsa kachitidwe photopolymerization, komanso kachitidwe kuwala kudziwika. kugwiritsa ntchito capillaries..
Kutengera ndi geometry, ma microstructures amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito patelefoni, ma microfluidics, ma microsensors, kusungirako deta, kudula magalasi, ndikuyika chizindikiro.Mu ntchito iyi, ubale pakati pa zoikamo magawo a Nd: YVO4 ndi CO2 laser system ndi kukula ndi morphology ya microstructures anafufuzidwa.Magawo ophunziridwa a dongosolo la laser amaphatikizapo mphamvu P, kubwereza kwa pulse PRF, chiwerengero cha pulses N ndi scan rate U. Miyezo yotuluka imaphatikizapo ma voxel diameter ofanana komanso microchannel m'lifupi, kuya ndi kuuma kwa pamwamba.Makina a 3D micromachining adapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito laser ya Nd:YVO4 (2.5 W, 1.604 µm, 80 ns) kuti apange ma microstructure mkati mwa zitsanzo za polycarbonate.Ma voxels a Microstructural ali ndi mainchesi 48 mpaka 181 µm.Dongosololi limaperekanso chidwi kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zolinga za maikulosikopu kuti apange ma voxel ang'onoang'ono mumitundu ya 5 mpaka 10 µm mugalasi la soda-laimu, silika wosakanikirana ndi zitsanzo za safiro.Laser ya CO2 (1.5 kW, 10.6 µm, nthawi yocheperako ya 26 µs) idagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga ma microchannel mu zitsanzo zamagalasi a soda.Mawonekedwe apakati a ma microchannels amasiyana mosiyanasiyana pakati pa v-grooves, u-grooves, ndi malo apamwamba kwambiri ablation.Makulidwe a ma microchannel amasiyananso kwambiri: kuchokera ku 81 mpaka 365 µm m'lifupi, kuchokera ku 3 mpaka 379 µm kuya, ndi kulimba kwapamtunda kuchokera ku 2 mpaka 13 µm, kutengera kuyika.Makulidwe a Microchannel adawunikidwa molingana ndi magawo opangira laser pogwiritsa ntchito njira yoyankha pamtunda (RSM) ndi kapangidwe kazoyeserera (DOE).Zotsatira zomwe zasonkhanitsidwa zidagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza momwe magawo amagwirira ntchito pamlingo wa volumetric ndi misa ablation.Kuphatikiza apo, njira yamasamu yotenthetsera yapangidwa kuti ithandizire kumvetsetsa njirayo ndikulola kuti topology yamayendedwe inenedweratu isanapangidwe kwenikweni.
Makampani opanga ma metrology nthawi zonse amayang'ana njira zatsopano zowunikira molondola komanso mwachangu ndikuyika mawonekedwe a pamwamba pa digito, kuphatikiza kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa zinthu zapamtunda ndikupanga mtambo (maseti amitundu itatu akufotokoza malo amodzi kapena angapo) pofanizira kapena kusintha uinjiniya.makina alipo, ndipo makina opangira kuwala akula kwambiri m'zaka khumi zapitazi, koma mafilimu ambiri opangira kuwala ndi okwera mtengo kugula ndi kusamalira.Kutengera ndi mtundu wa makina, ma profil owoneka bwino amathanso kukhala ovuta kupanga ndipo kufooka kwawo sikungakhale koyenera pama shopu ambiri kapena mafakitale.Pulojekitiyi ikukhudzana ndi chitukuko cha profiler pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo za optical triangulation.Dongosolo lotukuka lili ndi malo ojambulira 200 x 120 mm ndi miyeso yowongoka ya 5 mm.Malo a sensa ya laser pamwamba pa chandamalecho amasinthidwanso ndi 15 mm.Pulogalamu yoyang'anira idapangidwa kuti ingoyang'ana magawo osankhidwa ndi ogwiritsa ntchito komanso malo apamwamba.Dongosolo latsopanoli limadziwika ndi kulondola kwenikweni.Cholakwika chachikulu cha cosine cha dongosolo ndi 0.07 °.Kulondola kwamphamvu kwadongosolo kumayesedwa pa 2 µm mu Z-axis (kutalika) ndi pafupifupi 10 µm mu X ndi Y axs.Chiŵerengero cha kukula pakati pa zigawo zojambulidwa (ndalama, zomangira, zochapira ndi ma lens a fiber) zinali zabwino.Kuyesa kwamakina kudzakambidwanso, kuphatikiza malire a profaili ndi kusintha komwe kungachitike.
Cholinga cha polojekitiyi ndikukhazikitsa ndikuwonetsa njira yatsopano yapaintaneti yothamanga kwambiri kuti iwunike zolakwika zapamtunda.Dongosolo lowongolera limakhazikitsidwa pa mfundo ya optical triangulation ndipo limapereka njira yosalumikizana yodziwira mawonekedwe amitundu itatu yamalo osiyanasiyana.Zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo lachitukuko zimaphatikizapo laser diode, kamera ya CCf15 CMOS, ndi ma servo motors awiri olamulidwa ndi PC.Kusuntha kwa zitsanzo, kujambula zithunzi, ndi mbiri ya 3D pamwamba zimakonzedwa mu pulogalamu ya LabView.Kuyang'ana zomwe zalandidwa zitha kutsogozedwa popanga pulogalamu yowonetsera mawonekedwe a 3D osasunthika ndikuwerengera magawo omwe akufunika.Ma Servo motors amagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha zitsanzo mumayendedwe a X ndi Y ndi 0.05 µm.Wopanga mawonekedwe osalumikizana nawo pa intaneti amatha kusanthula mwachangu ndikuwunika kwambiri.Dongosolo lotukuka limagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino popanga mbiri ya 2D yodziwikiratu, mbiri yapamtunda ya 3D ndi miyeso yakukhaula pamwamba pazitsanzo zosiyanasiyana.Zida zoyendera zokha zili ndi malo ojambulira a XY a 12 x 12 mm.Kuzindikiritsa ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe opangira mbiri, mawonekedwe apamwamba omwe amayezedwa ndi dongosololi adafanizidwa ndi malo omwewo omwe amayezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma microscope, ma binocular microscope, AFM ndi Mitutoyo Surftest-402.
Zofunikira pamtundu wazinthu ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito momwemo zikuchulukirachulukira.Njira yothetsera mavuto ambiri owonetsetsa kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino (QA) ndi kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyendera pamwamba pa nthawi yeniyeni.Izi zimafuna yunifolomu mankhwala khalidwe pa mkulu throughput.Chifukwa chake, makina amafunikira omwe 100% amatha kuyesa zida ndi malo munthawi yeniyeni.Kuti akwaniritse cholinga ichi, kuphatikiza kwaukadaulo wa laser ndiukadaulo wowongolera makompyuta kumapereka yankho lothandiza.Pantchitoyi, makina ojambulira laser othamanga kwambiri, otsika mtengo, komanso olondola kwambiri osalumikizana nawo adapangidwa.Dongosololi limatha kuyeza makulidwe a zinthu zolimba zowoneka bwino pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya laser optical triangulation.Dongosolo lopangidwa limatsimikizira kulondola ndi kubwereza kwa miyeso pamlingo wa micrometer.
Cholinga cha pulojekitiyi ndi kupanga ndi kupanga makina oyendera laser kuti azindikire zolakwika zapamtunda ndikuwunika momwe angagwiritsire ntchito mothamanga kwambiri.Zigawo zazikulu za makina ozindikira ndi gawo la laser diode monga gwero lowunikira, kamera yofikira mwachisawawa ya CMOS ngati gawo lodziwikiratu, ndi gawo lomasulira la XYZ.Ma algorithms osanthula deta yopezedwa posanthula malo osiyanasiyana adapangidwa.Dongosolo lowongolera limatengera mfundo ya optical triangulation.Mtsinje wa laser umachitika mozungulira pachitsanzo.Kusiyana kwa kutalika kwa pamwamba kumatengedwa ngati kayendetsedwe kopingasa kwa malo a laser pamwamba pa chitsanzo.Izi zimathandiza kuti miyeso ya kutalika itengedwe pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya katatu.Dongosolo lodziwikiratu lomwe limapangidwa limayesedwa koyamba kuti lipeze chinthu chosinthika chomwe chidzawonetsa mgwirizano pakati pa kusamuka kwa mfundo yomwe imayesedwa ndi sensa ndi kusuntha kosunthika kwamtunda.Kuyesera kunkachitika pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za zipangizo zachitsanzo: mkuwa, aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri.Dongosolo lopangidwa limatha kupanga molondola mapu a 3D topographic of the defect zomwe zimachitika pakagwira ntchito.Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa pafupifupi 70 µm ndi kuzama kwa 60 µm kunapezedwa.Kuchita kwadongosolo kumatsimikiziridwanso poyesa kulondola kwa mtunda woyezedwa.
Makina ojambulira othamanga kwambiri a fiber laser amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira mafakitale kuti azindikire zolakwika zapamtunda.Njira zamakono zodziwira zolakwika zapamtunda zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wa kuwala powunikira komanso kuzindikira zinthu.Zolemba izi zikuphatikiza kupanga ndi kukonza njira yatsopano yothamanga kwambiri ya optoelectronic.Papepalali, magwero awiri a ma LED, ma LED (light emitting diode) ndi laser diode, akufufuzidwa.Mzere wa ma diode asanu otulutsa ndi asanu olandila mafotodiodi uli moyang'anizana ndi mzake.Kusonkhanitsa deta kumayendetsedwa ndikuwunikidwa ndi PC pogwiritsa ntchito pulogalamu ya LabVIEW.Dongosololi limagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kukula kwa zolakwika zapamtunda monga mabowo (1 mm), mabowo akhungu (2 mm) ndi notch pazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Zotsatira zikuwonetsa kuti ngakhale dongosololi limapangidwira kusanthula kwa 2D, limatha kugwiranso ntchito ngati njira yocheperako ya 3D.Dongosololi lidawonetsanso kuti zida zonse zachitsulo zomwe zidaphunziridwa zimatha kuwonetsa ma infrared.Njira yomwe yangopangidwa kumene pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wambiri wokhazikika imalola makinawo kuti azitha kusintha ndikusintha kwadongosolo pafupifupi 100 µm (kusonkhanitsa fiber diameter).Dongosololi lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera kuyeza mbiri yapamtunda, kuuma kwapamtunda, makulidwe ndi kuwunikira kwazinthu zosiyanasiyana.Aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, mkuwa, mkuwa, tuffnol ndi polycarbonate amatha kuyesedwa ndi dongosololi.Ubwino wa dongosolo latsopanoli ndi kuzindikira mofulumira, mtengo wotsika, kukula kochepa, kusamvana kwakukulu ndi kusinthasintha.
Pangani, pangani ndi kuyesa machitidwe atsopano kuti aphatikizire ndikugwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje atsopano ozindikira zachilengedwe.Oyenera makamaka kuwunika mabakiteriya a ndowe
Kusintha Mapangidwe a Micro-Nano a Silicon Solar PV Panel Kuti Apititse patsogolo Kupereka Mphamvu
Chimodzi mwamavuto akulu azauinjiniya omwe akukumana nawo padziko lonse lapansi masiku ano ndikupereka mphamvu zokhazikika.Yakwana nthawi yoti anthu ayambe kudalira kwambiri magwero a mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa.Dzuwa limapatsa dziko lapansi mphamvu zaulere, koma njira zamakono zogwiritsira ntchito mphamvuyi monga magetsi zili ndi malire.Pankhani ya ma cell a photovoltaic, vuto lalikulu ndi kusakwanira bwino kwa kusonkhanitsa mphamvu za dzuwa.Laser micromachining imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zolumikizana pakati pa zigawo zogwira ntchito za photovoltaic monga magawo agalasi, hydrogenated silicon, ndi zigawo za zinc oxide.Zimadziwikanso kuti mphamvu zambiri zitha kupezeka powonjezera malo a cell solar, mwachitsanzo ndi micromachining.Zawonetsedwa kuti tsatanetsatane wa mbiri ya nanoscale imakhudza kuyamwa kwamphamvu kwa ma cell a solar.Cholinga cha pepalali ndikufufuza zaubwino wosinthira ma cell a solar micro-, nano- ndi mesoscale kuti apereke mphamvu zapamwamba.Kusiyanitsa magawo aukadaulo a ma microstructures ndi nanostructures kupangitsa kuti zitheke kuphunzira momwe zimakhudzira pamwamba pa topology.Maselo adzayesedwa kuti aone mphamvu zomwe amatulutsa akakumana ndi milingo yoyeserera yamagetsi amagetsi.Ubale wachindunji udzakhazikitsidwa pakati pa magwiridwe antchito a cell ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba.
Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) akukhala osankhidwa kwambiri pazantchito zamapangidwe muukadaulo ndi zamagetsi.Aluminiyamu (Al) ndi mkuwa (Cu) amalimbikitsidwa ndi SiC chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zotentha kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kutsika kwapakati kwa kutentha kwapakati (CTE), kutsekemera kwapamwamba kwa kutentha) ndi kupititsa patsogolo makina (monga mphamvu zapamwamba kwambiri, ntchito yabwino).Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana pakukana kuvala komanso modulus yeniyeni.Posachedwapa, ma MMCs apamwamba a ceramic awa asanduka chizolowezi china cha ntchito zowongolera kutentha pamapaketi amagetsi.Nthawi zambiri, mumaphukusi amagetsi, aluminiyamu (Al) kapena mkuwa (Cu) amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati heatsink kapena mbale yoyambira kuti agwirizane ndi gawo lapansi la ceramic lomwe limanyamula chip ndi kapangidwe ka pini.Kusiyana kwakukulu kwa coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) pakati pa ceramic ndi aluminiyamu kapena mkuwa ndizovuta chifukwa kumachepetsa kudalirika kwa phukusi komanso kumachepetsa kukula kwa gawo lapansi la ceramic lomwe lingaphatikizidwe ku gawo lapansi.
Chifukwa cha kuperewera uku, tsopano ndizotheka kupanga, kufufuza ndi kuwonetsa zida zatsopano zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zakhazikitsidwa pazitsulo zokonzedwa bwino za thermally.Ndi kukhathamiritsa kwabwino kwa matenthedwe ndi mphamvu zokulirapo zamafuta (CTE), MMC CuSiC ndi AlSiC tsopano ndi njira zothetsera kuyika kwamagetsi.Ntchitoyi iwunika mawonekedwe apadera a thermophysical a ma MMC awa komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito kasamalidwe ka matenthedwe a phukusi lamagetsi.
Makampani amafuta amakumana ndi dzimbiri pakuwotcherera kwa makina amafuta ndi gasi opangidwa ndi zitsulo za carbon ndi low alloy.M'malo okhala ndi CO2, kuwonongeka kwa dzimbiri nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mphamvu zamakanema oteteza dzimbiri omwe amasungidwa pamiyala yosiyanasiyana ya carbon steel.Kutentha kwapakati pazitsulo zowotcherera (WM) ndi zone yokhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) makamaka chifukwa cha zotsatira za galvanic chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa aloyi ndi microstructure.Base metal (PM), WM, ndi HAZ microstructural characters adafufuzidwa kuti amvetsetse momwe microstructure imakhudzira khalidwe la dzimbiri la olowa zitsulo zofewa.Kuyesa kwa dzimbiri kunachitika mu njira ya 3.5% ya NaCl yodzaza ndi CO2 pansi pamikhalidwe yopanda okosijeni kutentha kwachipinda (20 ± 2 ° C) ndi pH 4.0 ± 0.3.Khalidwe la dzimbiri khalidwe ankagwiritsa ntchito electrochemical njira kudziwa lotseguka dera kuthekera, potentiodynamic kupanga sikani ndi liniya polarization kukana, komanso ambiri metallographic makhalidwe ntchito kuwala microscope.Magawo akuluakulu a morphological omwe apezeka ndi acicular ferrite, osungidwa austenite, ndi mawonekedwe a martensitic-bainitic mu WM.Sapezeka mu HAZ.Makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a electrochemical ndi kuchuluka kwa dzimbiri kunapezeka mu PM, VM ndi HAZ.
Ntchito yomwe pulojekitiyi ikufuna ndi yopititsa patsogolo mphamvu zamagetsi zamapampu oyenda pansi pamadzi.Zofuna kuti makampani opopera asunthire mbali iyi zawonjezeka posachedwapa ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo atsopano a EU omwe amafuna kuti makampani onse akwaniritse ntchito zatsopano komanso zapamwamba.Pepalali limasanthula kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka jekete yozizirira kuziziritsa pampu ya solenoid ndikupereka malingaliro okonza mapangidwe.Makamaka, kutuluka kwamadzimadzi ndi kutentha kwa kutentha mu jekete zoziziritsa za mapampu ogwira ntchito zimadziwika.Kupititsa patsogolo kamangidwe ka jekete kumapereka kutentha kwabwinoko kudera la mota ya pampu kumapangitsa kuti pampu ikhale yogwira bwino ntchito ndikuchepetsa kukokera.Pantchitoyi, makina oyesera a pampu owuma owuma adawonjezeredwa ku tanki yoyeserera ya 250 m3.Izi zimalola kutsata kwamakamera othamanga kwambiri pagawo loyenda komanso chithunzi chotentha cha pompano.Malo oyenda omwe amatsimikiziridwa ndi kusanthula kwa CFD amalola kuyesa, kuyesa ndi kufananitsa zamitundu ina kuti zisunge kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono momwe kungathekere.Mapangidwe oyambirira a mpope wa M60-4 anapirira kutentha kwapampu kwakunja kwa 45 ° C ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa stator 90 ° C.Kuwunika kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana yamitundu kumawonetsa mapangidwe omwe ali othandiza kwambiri pamakina abwino komanso omwe sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Makamaka, mapangidwe a koyilo yoziziritsa yophatikizidwa alibe kusintha kuposa kapangidwe koyambirira.Kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwa masamba a choyikapocho kuchokera anayi mpaka eyiti kunachepetsa kutentha kwa ntchito komwe kuyeza pa casing ndi madigiri seveni Celsius.
Kuphatikizika kwa kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamphamvu ndi kuchepetsedwa kwa nthawi yowonekera pakukonza zitsulo kumabweretsa kusintha kwa microstructure pamwamba.Kupeza kuphatikiza koyenera kwa magawo a laser process ndi kuzirala ndikofunikira kuti musinthe kapangidwe kambewu ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a tribological pamtunda.Cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufukuyu chinali kufufuza zotsatira za kusinthika kwa laser pulsed pa tribological properties of metallic biomaterials.Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa pakusintha kwa laser pamwamba pazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za AISI 316L ndi Ti-6Al-4V.Laser ya 1.5 kW pulsed CO2 idagwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza mphamvu ya magawo osiyanasiyana a laser process komanso chifukwa cha microstructure ndi morphology.Pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha cylindrical chozungulira chozungulira kumayendedwe a laser radiation, mphamvu ya radiation ya laser, nthawi yowonekera, kachulukidwe kakachulukidwe kamphamvu, komanso m'lifupi mwake.Makhalidwe adachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito SEM, EDX, miyeso ya singano ya singano ndi kusanthula kwa XRD.Chitsanzo cholosera za kutentha kwa pamwamba chinakhazikitsidwanso kuti chikhazikitse magawo oyambirira a ndondomeko yoyesera.Kujambula mapu kunachitika kuti adziwe magawo angapo apadera a mankhwala a laser pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunuka.Pali mgwirizano wamphamvu pakati pa kuunika, nthawi yowonekera, kuya kwa processing ndi kuuma kwa chitsanzo chokonzedwa.Kuwonjezeka kwakuya ndi kuuma kwa kusintha kwa microstructural kunalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe apamwamba komanso nthawi zowonekera.Pofufuza kukhwimitsa ndi kuya kwa malo ochitiridwapo mankhwala, kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu ndi zitsanzo za kutentha kwa pamwamba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulosera kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka komwe kudzachitika pamtunda.Pamene nthawi yolumikizana ya mtengo wa laser ikuwonjezeka, kuuma kwachitsulo kwachitsulo kumawonjezeka pamagulu osiyanasiyana ophunzirira mphamvu zamagetsi.Ngakhale kuti mawonekedwe a pamwamba ankawoneka kuti asunge mawonekedwe abwino a makhiristo, kusintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka tirigu kunkawoneka m'madera opangira laser.
Kusanthula ndi mawonekedwe a machitidwe opsinjika kwa minofu ndi zotsatira zake pamapangidwe a scaffold
Mu pulojekitiyi, ma geometri osiyanasiyana amitundu yosiyanasiyana adapangidwa ndipo kusanthula kwazinthu zomalizidwa kudachitika kuti amvetsetse mawonekedwe amakanikidwe a mafupa, gawo lawo pakukulitsa minofu, komanso kugawa kwakukulu kwa kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika mu scaffold.Ma scans a computed tomography (CT) a zitsanzo za mafupa a trabecular anasonkhanitsidwa kuwonjezera pa mapangidwe a scaffold opangidwa ndi CAD.Mapangidwe awa amakulolani kuti mupange ndikuyesa ma prototypes, komanso kupanga FEM pamapangidwe awa.Kuyeza kwamakina a ma microdeformations kunkachitika pazitsulo zopangidwa ndi scaffolds ndi zitsanzo za trabecular za fupa la mutu wa chikazi ndipo zotsatirazi zinafaniziridwa ndi zomwe FEA inapeza pazigawo zomwezo.Amakhulupirira kuti makina amatengera mawonekedwe a pore (mapangidwe), kukula kwa pore (120, 340 ndi 600 µm) komanso kutsitsa (pokhala kapena popanda midadada).Zosintha pazigawozi zidafufuzidwa chifukwa cha ma porous frameworks a 8 mm3, 22.7 mm3 ndi 1000 mm3 kuti aphunzire mozama momwe amakhudzira kugawa nkhawa.Zotsatira za kuyesera ndi kuyerekezera zimasonyeza kuti mapangidwe a geometric a mapangidwewo amathandizira kwambiri pakugawa kupsinjika maganizo, ndikuwonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu kwa mapangidwe apangidwe kuti apititse patsogolo kusinthika kwa mafupa.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa pore ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kuchuluka kwa porosity pozindikira kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika kwapakatikati.Komabe, mulingo wa porosity ndiwofunikiranso pakuzindikira osteoconductivity ya zida za scaffold.Pamene mlingo wa porosity ukuwonjezeka kuchokera ku 30% mpaka 70%, kupanikizika kwakukulu kumawonjezeka kwambiri pa kukula kwa pore komweko.
Kukula kwa pore kwa scaffold ndikofunikiranso pakupanga njira.Njira zonse zamakono zopangira ma prototyping mwachangu zili ndi malire.Ngakhale kuti zopanga zachizoloŵezi zimakhala zosinthasintha, zojambula zovuta komanso zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosatheka kupanga.Ambiri mwa matekinolojewa panopa sangathe kutulutsa pores pansi pa 500 µm.Chifukwa chake, zotsatira zokhala ndi pore kukula kwa 600 µm mu ntchitoyi ndizogwirizana kwambiri ndi kuthekera kopanga kwaukadaulo waposachedwa wopangira.Maonekedwe a hexagonal, ngakhale amangoganiziridwa mbali imodzi, atha kukhala anisotropic kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mapangidwe otengera kyubu ndi makona atatu.Ma kiyubiki ndi katatu amakhala isotropic poyerekeza ndi ma hexagonal.Anisotropy ndiyofunikira poganizira za osteoconductivity ya scaffold yopangidwa.Kugawa kwapang'onopang'ono ndi malo otsekera kumakhudza kukonzanso, ndipo mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yotsitsa imatha kusintha kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso malo ake.Njira yayikulu yonyamula iyenera kulimbikitsa kukula kwa pore ndikugawa kuti ma cell akule kukhala ma pores akulu ndikupereka zakudya ndi zida zomangira.Kutsiliza kwina kosangalatsa kwa ntchitoyi, powunika kugawidwa kwa kupsinjika pagawo lazipilala, ndikuti kupsinjika kwakukulu kumalembedwa pamwamba pazipilala poyerekeza ndi pakati.Mu ntchitoyi, zidawonetsedwa kuti kukula kwa pore, kuchuluka kwa porosity, ndi njira yonyamula zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zovuta zomwe zimachitika pamapangidwewo.Zomwe zapezazi zikuwonetsa kuthekera kopanga mapangidwe a strut momwe kuchuluka kwa kupsinjika pamtunda kumatha kusiyanasiyana, zomwe zitha kulimbikitsa kulumikizana kwa ma cell ndi kukula.
Ma scaffolds olowa m'malo a mafupa amapereka mwayi wosintha zinthu payekhapayekha, kuthana ndi kupezeka kwa opereka ndalama zochepa, ndikuwongolera osseointegration.Ukatswiri wa mafupa umafuna kuthana ndi mavutowa popereka zida zapamwamba kwambiri zomwe zitha kuperekedwa mochulukirapo.Muzochita izi, zonse zamkati ndi kunja kwa scaffold geometry ndizofunikira kwambiri, chifukwa zimakhudza kwambiri makina, permeability, ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo.Ukadaulo wa prototyping mwachangu umalola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe sizinali wamba ndi geometry yoperekedwa komanso yokonzedwa bwino, yopangidwa mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri.Pepalali likuwunika kuthekera kwa njira zosindikizira za 3D kupanga ma geometri ovuta a scaffolds a chigoba pogwiritsa ntchito zida za biocompatible calcium phosphate.Maphunziro oyambilira a zinthu zomwe eni eni akuwonetsa kuti zomwe zidanenedweratu zamakina zimatha kukwaniritsidwa.Miyezo yeniyeni yamakina amakanika a zitsanzo zopangidwa idawonetsa momwe zimayendera ngati zotsatira za finite element analysis (FEM).Ntchitoyi ikuwonetsanso kuthekera kwa kusindikiza kwa 3D kupanga masikelo a geometry a geometry kuchokera ku simenti ya biocompatible calcium phosphate.The frameworks anapangidwa ndi kusindikiza ndi amadzimadzi njira ya disodium haidrojeni mankwala pa ufa wosanjikiza wopangidwa ndi homogeneous osakaniza kashiamu haidrojeni mankwala ndi calcium hydroxide.Kunyowa kwamankhwala kumachitidwe kumachitika pabedi la ufa la chosindikizira cha 3D.Zitsanzo zolimba zidapangidwa kuti ziyese mphamvu zamakina a kuponderezedwa kwa volumetric kwa simenti yopangidwa ndi calcium phosphate (CPC).Magawo opangidwa motero anali ndi modulus wapakati wa elasticity wa 3.59 MPa komanso mphamvu yapakati ya 0.147 MPa.Sintering imabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa katundu woponderezedwa (E = 9.15 MPa, σt = 0.483 MPa), koma amachepetsa malo enieni a zinthuzo.Chifukwa cha sintering, calcium phosphate simenti imawonongeka kukhala β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) ndi hydroxyapatite (HA), yomwe imatsimikiziridwa ndi deta ya thermogravimetric ndi differential thermal analysis (TGA / DTA) ndi X-ray diffraction analysis ( XRD).katundu ndi osakwanira kwa amadzala kwambiri atanyamula, kumene mphamvu zofunika kuchokera 1.5 mpaka 150 MPa, ndi compressive rigidity kuposa 10 MPa.Komabe, kukonzanso pambuyo pake, monga kulowetsedwa ndi ma polima owonongeka, kungapangitse kuti zidazi zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito stent.
Cholinga: Kafukufuku wa makina a nthaka wasonyeza kuti kugwedezeka komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizira kumapangitsa kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono ting'ono.Cholinga chathu chinali kupanga njira ya momwe kugwedezeka kumakhudzira mafupa ndikuwunika momwe zimagwirira ntchito pamakina omwe akhudzidwa.
Gawo 1: Kugaya mitu 80 ya bovine femur pogwiritsa ntchito mphero ya fupa la Noviomagus.Kenako zitsulozo zimatsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito saline ya pulsed saline pa tray ya sieve.Chida cha vibro-impact chidapangidwa, chokhala ndi ma motors awiri a 15 V DC okhala ndi zolemetsa za eccentric zokhazikika mkati mwa silinda yachitsulo.Ponyani cholemetsa pa icho kuchokera pautali womwe wapatsidwa nthawi 72 kuti muberekenso njira yogunda fupa.Ma frequency a vibration oyezedwa ndi accelerometer yoyikidwa muchipinda chogwedezeka adayesedwa.Kuyesa konse kwa kukameta ubweya kumabwerezedwanso pamitundu inayi yofananira kuti mupeze ma curve angapo opsinjika.Maenvulopu olephera a Mohr-Coulomb adapangidwira mayeso aliwonse, pomwe mphamvu zakumeta ubweya ndi zotchingira zidachokera.
Gawo 2: Bwerezani kuyesa powonjezera magazi kuti abwereze malo olemera omwe amakumana nawo popanga opaleshoni.
Gawo 1: Ma graft omwe ali ndi kugwedezeka kowonjezereka pamayendedwe onse a vibration amawonetsa mphamvu zometa ubweya wambiri poyerekeza ndi kugunda popanda kugwedezeka.Kugwedezeka pafupipafupi kwa 60 Hz kunawonetsa zotsatira zazikulu ndipo zinali zofunika.
Gawo 2: Kulumikiza ndi mphamvu yowonjezereka yogwedezeka m'magulu okhutitsidwa kunawonetsa kutsika kwa kukameta ubweya wazinthu zonse zoponderezedwa bwino kuposa momwe zimakhudzira popanda kugwedezeka.
Kutsiliza: Mfundo za zomangamanga zimagwira ntchito pa kuikidwa kwa fupa loikidwa.Mu youma aggregates, Kuwonjezera wa kugwedera akhoza kusintha mawotchi zimatha zimakhudza particles.Mu dongosolo lathu, mulingo woyenera kugwedera pafupipafupi ndi 60 Hz.M'magulu odzaza, kuwonjezeka kwa kugwedezeka kumakhudza kwambiri mphamvu yakumeta ubweya wa aggregate.Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi ndondomeko ya liquefaction.
Cholinga cha ntchitoyi chinali kupanga, kumanga ndi kuyesa dongosolo lomwe lingathe kusokoneza maphunziro omwe akuyimilira kuti awone momwe angathetsere kusintha kumeneku.Izi zingatheke mwa kupendekeka mofulumira pamwamba pomwe munthuyo waima ndiyeno n’kubweza pamalo opingasa.Kuchokera pa izi ndizotheka kudziwa ngati maphunzirowa adatha kukhalabe ndi mgwirizano komanso kuti adatenga nthawi yayitali bwanji kuti abwezeretse chikhalidwechi.Mkhalidwe woterewu udzatsimikiziridwa poyesa mphamvu ya postural ya mutu.Kuthamanga kwawo kwachilengedwe kwa postural kunayesedwa ndi phazi lapamwamba lapamwamba la phazi kuti adziwe kuchuluka kwake komwe kunalipo panthawi ya mayesero.Dongosololi limapangidwanso kuti likhale losinthika komanso lotsika mtengo kuposa lomwe likupezeka pamalonda pano chifukwa, ngakhale makinawa ndi ofunikira pakufufuza, sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano chifukwa cha mtengo wawo wokwera.Dongosolo lopangidwa kumene lomwe laperekedwa m'nkhaniyi lagwiritsidwa ntchito kusuntha zinthu zoyesa zolemera mpaka 100 kg.
Mu ntchito iyi, zoyeserera zisanu ndi chimodzi za labotale mu engineering ndi sayansi yakuthupi zidapangidwa kuti zipititse patsogolo maphunziro a ophunzira.Izi zimatheka pokhazikitsa ndi kupanga zida zenizeni zoyesera izi.Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zida zenizeni kumafaniziridwa mwachindunji ndi njira zophunzitsira za labotale zachikhalidwe, ndipo maziko a chitukuko cha njira zonsezi akukambidwa.Ntchito yam'mbuyomu pogwiritsa ntchito kuphunzira kothandizidwa ndi makompyuta (CBL) m'mapulojekiti ofanana ndi ntchitoyi yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwunika zina mwazabwino za zida zenizeni, makamaka zokhudzana ndi kuchuluka kwa chidwi cha ophunzira, kukumbukira kukumbukira, kumvetsetsa, komanso lipoti la labotale..zopindulitsa zogwirizana.Kuyesera kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kwakambidwa mu kafukufukuyu ndi mtundu wowunikiridwanso wa zoyeserera zakale ndipo motero zimapereka kufananitsa kwachindunji kwa njira yatsopano ya CBL ndi labu yanthawi zonse.Palibe kusiyana kwamalingaliro pakati pa matembenuzidwe awiriwa akuyesera, kusiyana kokha ndi momwe akuwonetsedwera.Kuchita bwino kwa njira za CBLzi kudawunikidwa powona momwe ophunzira amagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chida chofananira ndi ophunzira ena a m'kalasi lomwelo omwe akuchita zoyeserera zakale.Ophunzira onse amawunikidwa potumiza malipoti, mafunso angapo osankha okhudzana ndi zoyeserera zawo ndi mafunso.Zotsatira za kafukufukuyu zinafanizidwanso ndi maphunziro ena okhudzana ndi CBL.